Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) movements are often driven by the availability of their prey in space and time. While globally blue whale populations undertake long-range migrations between feeding and breeding grounds, those in the northern Indian Ocean remain in low latitude waters throughout the year with the implication that the productivity of these waters is sufficient to support their energy needs.
In this article, which is adapted from the seventh annual Seymour Martin Lipset Lecture on Democracy in the World, Ivan Krastev addresses three main questions: 1) Why are authoritarian regimes surviving in the age of democratization? 2) Why did political science fail to anticipate the resilience of these regimes? and 3) Why it is so difficult to resist contemporary authoritarianism?
Water resources management reform in developing countries has tended to overlook community-based water laws, which govern self-help water development and management by large proportions, if not the majority, of citizens: rural, small-scale water users, including poor women and men. In an attempt to fill this gap, global experts on community-based water law and its interface with public sector intervention present a varied collection of empirical research findings in this volume. The present chapter introduces the rationale for the volume and its contents. It further identifies key messages emerging from the chapters on, first, the strengths and weaknesses of community-based water law and, second, the impact of water resources management reform on informal water users' access to water and its beneficial uses.Impacts vary from outright weakening of community-based arrangements and poverty aggravation or missing significant opportunities to better water resource management and improved well-being, also among poor women and men. The latter interventions combine the strengths of community-based water law with the strengths of the public sector. Together, these messages contribute to a new vision on the role of the state in water resources management that better matches the needs and potentials of water users in the informal water economies in developing countries.
Mango is an important dry zone fruit crop in Sri Lanka. Mangoes grown in northern Sri Lanka show rich varietal diversity and have greater consumer demand compared with those from other regions of the country. In this study, eighteen mango varieties including 54 accessions from Jaffna were examined to evaluate morphological variations and determine fruit quality. A total of 46 morphological traits from IPBGR descriptors for mango were measured in 54 mango accessions between years 2009 and 2012. Qualitative and quantitative morphological traits including leaf, inflorescence and fruit characteristics were evaluated in the field as well as in the laboratory. High variation among the mango varieties was observed with respect to qualitative data such as colour of immature leaves, leaf shape, inflorescence axis flower colour, type of flower, fruit shape skin colour and texture. Collected quantitative data was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). PCA showed that first 4 principal component had 75.6% of the total variation. PC1 explained 34.2% variations and these components were fruit length, breadth, thickness and weight. Besides these parameters, seed and leaf length also showed high variation. PC2 showed 21.8% variations with the parameters of leaf length, leaf breadth and inflorescence length. Thus based on these variations and similarities in morphological traits, mango varieties were grouped into three by HCA. These PCA and HCA results suggest that broad morphologic diversity was found in mango varieties examined in this study. Over all fruit quality was measured by a trained taste panel. Fruit quality was rated excellent in 8 varieties with pink or red mixed attractive fruit skin or waxy yellow colour skin. Among the 18 mango varieties thus identified from the 54 accessions, 4 varieties were found to be exotic and 14 varieties were endemic to Sri Lanka.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.