The stability of microencapsulated fish oil prepared with 2 production processes, spray granulation (SG) and SG followed by film coating (SG-FC) using a fluid bed equipment, was investigated. In the 1st process, 3 types of fish oil used were based on the ratios of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (10/50, 33/22, and 18/12). Each type was emulsified with soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) and maltodextrin to produce 25% oil powders. In the 2nd process, 15% film coating of hydroxypropyl betacyclodextrin (HPBCD) was applied to the granules from the 1st process. The powder stability against oxidation was examined by measurement of peroxide values (PV) and headspace propanal after storage at room temperature and at 3 to 4 degrees C for 6 wk. Uncoated powder containing the lowest concentration of PUFA (18/12) was found to be stable during storage at room temperature with maximum PV of 3.98 +/- 0.001 meq/kg oil. The PV increased sharply for uncoated powder with higher concentration of omega-3 (in 33/22 and 10/50 fish oils) after 3 wk storage. The PVs were in agreement with the concentration of propanal, and these 2 parameters remained constant for most of the uncoated powders stored at low temperature. Unexpectedly, the outcomes showed that the coated powders had lower stability than uncoated powders as indicated by higher initial PVs; more hydroperoxides were detected as well as increasing propanal concentration. The investigation suggests that the film-coating by HPBCD ineffectively protected fish oil as the coating process might have induced further oxidation; however, SG is a good method for producing fish oil powder and to protect it from oxidation because of the "onion skin" structure of granules produced in this process.
This study aimed to investigate the role of modified breadfruit starch in the presence of Tween 80 for stabilizing the oil-in-water emulsions. An ultra turrax homogenizer was used to produce coarse emulsions, followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) or low-frequency ultrasonication (LFU) for fine emulsions. The breadfruit starch was chemically modified using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to produce modified breadfruit OSA starch (BOSA). The dispersed phase was a mixture of palm and lemon oil in a 9:1 ratio. Two BOSA (1% and 2%), three oil concentrations (10%, 25%, and 40%) and Tween 80 (1% of the total amount of oil) were examined based on the emulsion stability. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that starch modification was successful (Degree of Substitution-DS, 0.0241). The most stable coarse emulsions contained 40% oil and 2% BOSA starch. The same formula produced fine emulsions that remained stable for over 42 days, regardless of the homogenization method. BOSA starch and Tween 80 exhibit a mixed stabilization effect on the oil-in-water emulsions. HPH produced more uniformly sized emulsion droplets when compared with those produced using LFU.
The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of three native starches from Indonesia to stabilize oil in water emulsion with and without the addition of lecithin as surfactant. Breadfruit, bengkuang (jicama), and rice starches were extracted from local sources in Banda Aceh-Indonesia. Two variables studied were type of starches and the amount of oil added into emulsion (15 and 25%). Proximate analysis showed that the starch content of breadfruit, jicama and rice were 77.57, 67.41, and 80.51% respectively and the amylose content were 20.50, 16.5, and 13.6%. Results showed that the emulsification index (EI) of emulsion prepared with jicama and rice starches were lower than the EI of emulsion stabilized by breadfruit starch. However, the viscosity of breadfruit emulsion was higher than the other two emulsions. Storage stability test in room temperature also demonstrated that oil in water emulsion made from breadfruit starch had the lowest separation rate over storage period compared to jicama and rice emulsions. Overall, stabilization of 25% oil in breadfruit emulsion was slightly better than addition of 15% oil where the visible boundaries or serum layer of the emulsion was in the range of 5-6 ml at the end of storage test. Breadfruit starch was further modified by reacting it with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to produce OSA-modified breadfruit starch. The degree of substitution (DS) of OSA modified breadfruit starch was 0.0231. OSA-modified breadfruit starch is highly potential to be used as food emulsifier and therefore studied further to examine its ability to stabilize oil in water emulsion.
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