The findings add to the evidence that the linear F-V and, consequently, parabolic P-V models could be used to study the mechanical properties of muscular systems, as well as to design a relatively simple, reliable, and ecologically valid routine test of the muscle ability of force, power, and velocity production.
The inertia training load is more effective than weight in increasing P and weight and inertia may be applied for selective gains in F and V, respectively, whereas the linear F-V model obtained from loaded trials could be used for discerning among muscle F, V, and P.
Cuk, I, Prebeg, G, Sreckovic, S, Mirkov, DM, and Jaric, S. Generalization of muscle strength capacities as assessed from different variables, tests, and muscle groups. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 305-312, 2017-The muscle strength capacities to exert force under various movement conditions have been indiscriminately assessed from various strength tests and variables applied on different muscles. We tested the hypotheses that the distinctive strength capacities would be revealed (H1) through different strength tests, and (H2) through different strength variables. Alternatively, (H3) all strength variables independent of the selected test could depict the same strength capacity of the tested muscle. Sixty subjects performed both the standard strength test and the test of alternating contractions of 6 pairs of antagonistic muscles acting in different leg and arm joints. The dependent variables obtained from each test and muscle were the maximum isometric force and the rate of force development. A confirmatory principle component analysis set to 2 factors explained 31.9% of the total variance. The factor loadings discerned between the tested arm and leg muscles, but not between the strength tests and variables. An exploratory analysis applied on the same data revealed 6 factors that explained 60.1% of the total variance. Again, the individual factors were mainly loaded by different tests and variables obtained from the same pair of antagonistic muscles. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the muscle strength capacity of the tested individual should be based on a single strength test and variable obtained from a number of different muscles, than on a single muscle tested through different tests and variables. The selected muscles should act in different limbs and joints, while the maximum isometric force should be the variable of choice.
Morfološke karakteristike imaju značajnu ulogu kao deo monitoringa talentovanih mladih fudbalera. Uspeh trenažnog procesa zavisi od poznavanja strukture pojedinih antropoloških sposobnosti i karakteristika sportista, kao i njihovog razvoja u odreĎenim etapama ontogenetskog rasta. Cilj istraživanja je utvrĎivanje razlika u nekim morfološkim karakteristikama izmeĎu fudbalera kategorije mlaĎih i starijih pionira. Uzorak ispitanika čini ukupno 60 fudbalera različitih uzrasnih kategorija FK "Vojvodina", i to: mlaĎi pioniri (11.5±0.5 godina) -30 ispitanika i stariji pioniri (13.5±0.5 godina) -30 ispitanika. Radi utvrĎivanja razlika u nekim morfološkim karateristikama fudbalera kategorije mlaĎih i starijih pionira izmereno je 11 antropometrijskih mera, prema Internacionalnom biološkom programu. Razlike u nekim morfološkim karateristikama utvrĎene su primenom kanoničke diskriminativne analize. Značajne razlike u morfološkim karakteristikama ukazuju da se dve grupe meĎusobno razlikuju, a razdvajanju grupa najviše je doprinela razlika u dužini noge. Značajno povećanje morfoloških karakteristika sa starošću ukazuje da dečaci imaju adekvatan rast i razvoj za svoj uzrast.Ključne reči: morfološke karakteristike, fudbaleri, mlaĎi i stariji pioniri. UvodUspešno upravljanje procesom sportskog treninga, zavisi od poznavanja strukture pojedinih antropoloških sposobnosti i karakteristika sportista, kao i njihovog razvoja. Visoko sportsko dostignuće jednog fudbalera, rezultanta je odgovarajućeg kompleksa njegovih osobina, načina i dužine treninga. Ovaj kompleks osobina, između ostalog, obuhvata odgovarajuće antropometrijske karakteristike, funkcionalne i psihološke karakteristike, kao i odgovarajuće motoričke sposobnosti.Trening kao transformacioni proces zahteva od čoveka izuzetne napore u otežanim uslovima, pa i izuzetno razvijene sposobnosti i osobine potrebne za uspeh u fudbalu. Međutim, da bi se mogao na efikasan način sprovesti transformacioni trenažni proces neophodno je najpre sprovesti istraživanje sa ciljem da se utvrdi struktura pojedinih sportskih aktivnosti, tj. da se dođe do informacija o svim faktorima od kojih zavisi sportski rezultat, kakve su međusobne veze tih faktora i uticaj svakog faktora na rezultat.Procena različitih performansi fudbalera bi trebalo da bude od interesa za fudbalske trenere kako bi što bolje procenili i poboljšali svoje treninge (Chamari i sar. 2005).Zadatak nauke na ovom polju je da utvrdi određene principe i zakonitosti transformacionih procesa antropoloških karakteristika bitnih za fudbal, a trenažna tehnologija treba da pronađe optimalne trenažne sadržaje (sredstva, metode i opterećenja) za transformaciju Autor za korespondenciju: Miroslav Smajić,
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