We describe a methodology to synthesize trivalent-erbium (Er3+)-doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles. An in-depth morphology analysis indicates that the average diameter of the individual nanoparticles is about 25 nm. To optically characterize the nanocrystalline material, the room-temperature absorption spectrum has been obtained between 400 and 900 nm. The spectrum consists of six absorption bands, including 2 G(1)9/2, 4 F 3/2 + 4 F 5/2, 4 F 7/2, 2 H(2)11/2 + 4 S 3/2, 4 F 9/2, and 4 I 9/2. The room-temperature fluorescence spectra of the Er3+ (4f 11) 2 H(2)11/2 + 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 transitions were analyzed for the crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of these states of erbium. We have measured the lifetimes for the 2 H(2)11/2 + 4 S 3/2 and 4 F 9/2 metastable states and have investigated the effects of Er3+ concentrations and particle size on the emission intensity and decay times. The experimental energies (Stark levels) agree well within the experimental error with the theoretical values reported earlier for bulk single crystalline Er3+:Y2O3. Detailed structural and optical analyses suggest that the nanoparticles of Er3+:Y2O3 have potential applications in diverse fields of photonics including laser systems and optical communication devices.
A detailed spectroscopic analysis of the crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of Eu 3þ (4f 6) in single crystals of hexagonal phase aluminum nitride is reported based on assignments made to the high-resolution cathodoluminescence spectra observed between 500 nm and 750 nm obtained at 11 K and room temperature. Single crystals doped with trivalent europium were grown by high pressure, high temperature technology, and the crystal structure was confirmed by x ray diffraction methods to be the hexagonal phase. The Eu 3þ ions substitute for Al 3þ ions in sites of C 3v symmetry during crystal growth. More than 97% of the observed spectra are attributed to Eu 3þ in the majority site. The spectra are identified as transitions from the excited 5 D 0 and 5 D 1 multiplets of Eu 3þ to the ground-state multiplets 7 F
The ultraviolet ͑uv͒ absorption spectra, representing transitions to all energy levels below 44 500 cm −1 of trivalent erbium ͑Er 3+ ͒, have been analyzed for the crystal-field splitting of the multiplet manifolds 2S+1 L J of Er 3+ ͑4f 11 ͒ in C 2 symmetry cation sites in single-crystal cubic Er 2 O 3 and Er 3+ :Y 2 O 3 . A solid solution, without a change in the local symmetry, exists between the two compounds, allowing us to identify the weaker transitions in Er 3+ :Y 2 O 3 from the stronger transitions observed in the uv spectrum of Er 2 O 3 . As a result, we have identified a complete set of energy ͑Stark͒ levels for the electronic configuration up to the absorption band-edge of these crystals. A total of 134 Stark levels representing 30 multiplets with energies as high as 44 500 cm −1 have been modeled using a parameterized Hamiltonian defined to operate within the Er 3+ ͑4f 11 ͒ electronic configuration. The crystal-field parameters were determined through use of a Monte Carlo method in which 14 independent crystal-field parameters, B q k , were given random starting values and optimized using standard least-squares fitting between calculated and experimental levels. The final fitting standard deviations between 134 calculated-to-experimental Stark levels are 5.55 cm −1 ͑rms error 4.89 cm −1 ͒ and 5.08 cm −1 ͑rms error 4.47 cm −1 ͒ for Er 3+ in Er 2 O 3 and for Er 3+ in Y 2 O 3 , respectively. The excellent and consistent agreement between the experimental and calculated Stark levels in both crystals, together with the predicted sets of wave functions, are important for the ongoing analyses of intensity data and magneto-optical studies on these crystals.
Magnetic and optical properties of rare earth doped Sn 0.95 RE 0.05 O 2 − δ ( RE = Gd , Dy, Er) J. Appl. Phys. 97, 10A925 (2005); 10.1063/1.1855707Manifestation of quasi-symmetry of the cation sites of Gd 2 SiO 5 , Y 2 SiO 5 , and Lu 2 SiO 5 in the spectra of the impurity ion Pr 3+ Low Temp.Low-temperature absorption spectra are reported for Er 3+ : YAlO 3 ͑YAP͒ between 1700 and 350 nm. The low-temperature vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra are also reported between 400 and 190 nm. A total of 134 experimental energy ͑Stark͒ levels representing 30 multiplets with energies below 44 000 cm −1 were modeled using a parametrized Hamiltonian defined to operate within the 4f 11 electronic configuration of the Er 3+ ions substituting for Y 3+ in YAP, an orthorhombically distorted perovskite. The Y 3+ sites have low symmetry ͑C S ͒. The crystal-field energy-level parameters were determined through use of a Monte Carlo method in which 14 independent parameters are given random starting values, which are optimized using standard least-squares fitting between calculated and experimental levels. The best solution obtained has a standard deviation of 6.92 cm −1 ͑rms error of 6.09 cm −1 ͒. In the presence of a magnetic field the Er 3+ ions occupy two magnetically inequivalent sites. As an independent check of the crystal-field modeling results, crystal-field wave functions for the 4 I 15/2 ground-state manifold of Er 3+ ͑4f 11 ͒ were used to calculate the orientation-dependent anisotropic magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature over the Curie-Weiss region. The calculated susceptibilities along the a-, b-, and c-axes of the crystal are in excellent agreement with experimental values reported as part of the present study. Van Vleck paramagnetism must be included in the calculations in order to achieve agreement. The calculated angle ͑39.6°͒ associated with the magnetic moment of the Er 3+ sublattice along the a-and b-axes is in good agreement with the corresponding angle reported for Er 3+ in the orthoferrite structures.
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