Renal diseases like CKD, Acute on CKD, and AKI are the most common health issues in the present situation. Many risk factors cause or increase the incidence of renal diseases and vice versa. In this study, the major comorbidities of renal diseases include hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were included. To assess the co-morbid conditions of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases associated with various levels of renal functions were estimated. In the total 131 patients, 61 (46%) patients were suffering from CKD, 39 (30%) patients were suffering from acute CKD, and 31 (24%) patients were suffering from AKI. The patients of age between 40-50 years were prone to renal diseases in the study. In females, 15 (24%) were suffering from AKI, 33 (52%) were suffering from CKD, and 15 (24%) were suffering from acute CKD. 16 (23%) males were suffering from AKI, 31 (31%) were suffering from CKD and 21 (31%) males were suffering from acute on CKD. In the case of co-morbidities especially in renal diseases, 3 (1%) patients had only CKD, 29 (14%) had CVA, 35 (17%) had DM, 50 (24%) had HTN. The hypertensive patients having CKD were higher when compared to other co-morbidities. Based on the BMI, obese people were highly affected. Proper management and preventive measures should be taken by the people to reduce the occurrence of renal diseases.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is marked by the excessive intrusion of triglycerides into hepatocytes without any role of alcohol consumption. Various risk factors have been attributed to this disease pathogenesis which involves metabolic disorders, immune response, and even an intricate relationship between the two. The role of insulin resistance (IR) in NAFLD has long been known; however, the molecular basis of disease progression under this metabolic backdrop is still being investigated. Similarly, the periodontitis-mediated immune response is another major factor involved in NAFLD manifestation which has generated huge interest. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria elicits a strong immune response which according to studies shows a strong correlation with NAFLD state. Such pre-existing conditions have a strong probability of explaining the disease onset. Additionally, increasing reports of inflammatory response and its links to insulin resistance have further increased the scope of understanding NAFLD. Through this review, we aim to elaborate on these factors explaining their role in the disease progression.
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gasses. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. Acute exacerbation in COPD (AECOPD) is frequent in the course of the illness and is the most common reason for medical visits, hospital admissions, and mortality among these patients. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To assess the exposure and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD with COPD Assessment Test (CAT Scale) and mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea scale. Study design was a hospital-based prospective observational study. Study site was conducted at Pulmonology Department of Government General Hospital, Vijayawada. Results The total patients were 197. Out of which, 119 were from In-patient Department (IPD) and 78 were from Out-patient Department (OPD). In this study, males were 167 (85%), among which, IPD were 97 (49%), OPD were 70 (36%), and females were 30 (15%), among which, IPD were 22 (11%), OPD were 8 (4%). Conclusion The morbidity and mortality of COPD have been increased in recent years. This study concludes that there is a relation between risk of acute exacerbations in COPD with habitual history and occupational history. Increase in exposure to occupational hazards, smoking habit leads to an increase in risk of acute exacerbations in COPD patients. The level of severity was more in smokers and the patients who had biomass, organic dust, and mineral exposure. When severity was observed, group D severity is more observed in population according to CAT scale and mMRC dyspnea scale.
Stroke is the third major cause of death worldwide and is a major public health challenge in society. 15 million people suffer from it each year, and one-third is left permanently disabled one-third die worldwide. The average age of onset is above 55 years in western studies which were also found similar in the Indian population. There is a male predominance ratio of approximately 5:1. This study was conducted in Neurology Department at New Government General Hospital, Vijayawada.165 patients were selected out of 152 were selected with the positive response of males and females of the Neurology department. The majority of patients were affected with lower limb weakness 106. Majority of patients were consuming alcohol were 105, [male-104, female-1], followed by smoking 97, [males-87, females-10]. The majority of patients had hypertension as a major risk factor 111, diabetes 92, Hyperlipidemia 90, seizures 66 patients. CT showed clots were in majority 127 than those who had haemorrhage 25. The majority of drugs given to stroke patients are antiplatelets, antihypertensives, Dyslipidemics and antibiotics were. Aspirin was the majorly used drug in a maximum number of 138, followed by Atorvastatin 131, Clopidogrel 113, Citicoline 119. Assessment done by Glasgow Coma Scale had the majority of patients were with moderate scoring 79 [males-60, females-19]. Assessment Done by NIHSS Scale had the majority of patients were under the moderate-severe category 79 [males-63,females-16].
The research pays more attention on evaluating the impact of patient education as directed by a clinical pharmacist concerning the disease, useful effects of treatment, causes of the disease, life style modifications and finally improving quality of life of patients diagnosed with Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is a prospective observational study, GSRS scores according to baseline, follow up1 and follow up2 were 7.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.