Japanese encephalitis virus or Rabies virus results in the activation of a gene encoding a novel, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the mouse central nervous system. This transcript, named virus-inducible ncRNA (VINC), is identical to a 3?18 kb transcript expressed in mouse neonate skin (GenBank accession no. AK028745) that, together with a number of unannotated cDNAs and expressed sequence tags, is grouped in the mouse unigene cluster Mm281895. VINC is expressed constitutively in early mouse embryo and several adult non-neuronal mouse tissues, as well as a murine renal adenocarcinoma (RAG) cell line. Northern blotting of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs revealed that VINC is localized primarily in the nucleus of RAG cells and is thus a novel member of the nuclear ncRNA family. Non-protein-coding eukaryotic genome sequences, often referred to as 'junk DNA', are estimated to encode several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which may account for nearly 98 % of all genomic output in humans (http://research. imb.uq.edu.au/rnadb). In addition to the classical ncRNAs, such as rRNA, tRNA and small nucleolar RNAs, the eukaryotic genome encodes two distinct categories of ncRNAs, referred to as small ncRNAs and long mRNA-like ncRNAs. The long ncRNAs, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, spliced and polyadenylated, are implicated in a number of regulatory processes, such as imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, DNA demethylation, transcription, RNA interference, chromatin-structure dynamics and antisense regulation. In addition, long mRNA-like ncRNAs such as MALAT-1, BC-1 and BC-200 serve as prognostic markers for cancer, whilst the prion-associated RNAs LIT-1, SCA-8 etc. are implicated in a number of neurological disorders (Costa, 2005). Thus, identification and characterization of novel ncRNAs and constant updating of the mammalian RNome are essential for the complete deciphering of genome biology and understanding mammalian gene regulation.
Dedicated to Professor Rolf Huisgen on the occasion of his 85th birthday Inhibition of the enzyme histone deacetylase (HDAC) is emerging as a novel approach to the treatment of cancer. A series of novel sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit human HDAC. Compounds were identified which are potent enzyme inhibitors, with IC 50 values in the low nanomolar range against enzyme obtained from HeLa cell extracts, and with antiproliferative effects in cell culture. Extensive characterization of the structure ± activity relationships of this series identified key requirements for activity. These include the direction of the sulfonamide bond and substitution patterns on the central phenyl ring. The alkyl spacer between the aromatic head group and the sulfonamide functionality also influenced the HDAC inhibitory activity. One of these compounds, m11.1, also designated PXD101, has entered clinical trials for solid tumors and haematological malignancies.
It is well known that transcript localization controls important biological processes, including cell fate determination, cell polarity, cell migration, morphogenesis, neuronal function, and embryonic axis specification. Thus, the sub‐cellular visualization of transcripts in ‘their original place’ (in situ) is an important tool to infer and understand their trafficking, stability, translation, and biological functions. This has been made possible through the use of labeled ‘anti‐sense’ probes that can be readily detected after hybridization to their ‘sense’ counterparts. The following is a series of protocols for conducting in situ hybridization in Drosophila embryos or tissues. These methods include standard alkaline phosphatase methods, as well as higher resolution and throughput variations using fluorescence‐based probe detection. New modifications that enhance probe penetration and detection in various tissues are also provided. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech. 4:9.3.1‐9.3.24. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.