Secondary hormonal therapy serves as an excellent therapeutic option in patients with AIPC in whom primary hormonal therapy has failed. Practicing urologists should familiarize themselves with these oral medications, their indications and their potential side effects.

This series represents the largest reported multi-institutional experience with the Snodgrass technique. When used in conjunction with vascularized dartos flap coverage, 2-layer closure of the neourethra and special attention to preservation of the periurethral vascular supply, this repair can be performed with a near 0 complication rate. We believe that this is the optimal repair for routine cases of hypospadias.

No abstract