Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial infection of the skin caused by the yeast of Malassezia sp. genus. Although the disease has been described at the beginning of the 19th century, classification of its etiological agent was a matter of debate. There is only scanty information about the epidemiology and ecology of Malassezia species available and the clinical significance of the species is not completely recognized. Aims: To evaluate the clinical & epidemiological pattern and to isolate different species of Malassezia. Also to assess the correlation between a particular species and different colors of the lesion. Results: In this study young people of both sex are most commonly affected. Most of the lesion are hypo-pigmented and affect the upper part of the body. A few flexural lesions are also seen. M. dermatis is the most commonly isolated species. No significant association with the color of the lesion and a species was found. Limitation: Small sample size and difficulty to maintain the culture are two major limitations of this study.
In the present era of 21st century, haemorrhoids have become the most common and distressing anorectal disease. It is a lifestyle disease due to excessive intake of spicy food non-vegetarian food, and lack of exercise. Inadequate consumption of water and the habit of taking alcohol are some of the main reasons for the manifestation of the disease. Perianal trauma due to the long journey and excessive two-wheeler riding particularly on uneven roads and terrenes are also main reasons. Constipation is also a common cause of this disease. Haemorrhoids are dealt with rationally under the concept of Arshas. Use of medicine, surgery, cauterization with kshara and Agni are the treatment principles recommended for Arshas by Acharya Susruta. Except medicine, the rest of the procedures are invasive. The basic principles for the treatment of Arshas are deepana and anulomana (digestive, carminative, and laxative). A medicine with the above properties which is used traditionally by tribes is selected for the study. It has been found using among the tribes for a long time with no side effects. The contents of this medicine are safe and are used in routine ayurvedic practice. In this case study, an effort was made to evaluate the role of Mustadimodaka and ethnomedicine in the management of Arshas. Keywords: 2nd-degree haemorrhoids, Arshas, Mustadimodaka, Ethnomedicine
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