The cold ternary fission of 252 Cf with 4 He as light charged particle (LCP) is studied with fragments in the equatorial and collinear configuration, taking the interacting barrier as the sum of the Coulomb and Proximity potential. The favorable fragment combinations are obtained from the cold valley plot and by calculating the yield for charge-minimized fragments. In both equatorial and collinear configurations, the highest yield is obtained for the fragment combination 116 Pd + 4 He + 132 Sn , which possess doubly magic nuclei 132 Sn (N = 82, Z = 50). The presence of doubly or near doubly magic nuclei (132 Sn , 130 Sn etc.) and higher Q value plays an important role in the alpha accompanied cold ternary fission of 252 Cf . The comparison of the relative yield for equatorial configuration with that of collinear configuration, points to the fact that equatorial configuration is the preferred configuration for the LCP (4 He ) accompanied ternary fission in 252 Cf isotope. The yields obtained for the alpha accompanied cold ternary fission of 252 Cf in equatorial and collinear configuration are compared with the experimental data. The emission probability of long range alpha (LRA) particle from 252 Cf isotope is predicted using our formalism and is found to be in agreement with experimental value.
The reduction of the clinker factor in cement has emerged as the most promising solution to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and to improve sustainability. Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is a ternary cement where the synergy between calcined clay and limestone allows the reduction of clinker factors to 0·5. In order to understand practical issues in the production of LC3, such as the selection of raw material and production conditions, industrial production of LC3 has been carried out at three locations in India. A wide range of raw materials was collected from various parts of India and characterised to evaluate their suitability for the production of LC3. Both static and rotary calciners were used for the production of calcined clay. Open- and closed-circuit ball mills were used. Limestones with various impurities and compositions were utilised. It has been observed that lower-grade clay and limestone can be used and that the quality control during the production process can be carried out using widely available techniques. Field trials have shown that the cement can be used without any changes to the existing construction methodologies. This paper discusses the key lessons and insights gained from these trial productions.
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