This paper presents the simulation model for determining the intervals of preventive replacement of the system's components. The application of the Weibull distribution has been proved to be efficient in the approximation of many forms of delay, while numerical integration supported by Simpson formula and Fortran software has been applied to simulate optimum values of the preventive replacement of the components of the rotary cap burner SAACKE, type SKV 60 in the marine steam boiler, on the basis of the available data gathered through the system's exploitation and through empirical assumptions.
Human eff orts to devise optimum propulsion for their vessels are as old as the vessels themselves. Today these eff orts are even more determined as modern shipping requires propulsion systems that are increasingly reliable, available, cost-effi cient and able to meet high ecological criteria. The heat transfer towards liquefi ed gas stored in tanks results in boil-off during cargo handling or voyage. The rate of the evaporated gas amounts to 0.13% per day during the voyage of a fully loaded ship.Steam turbines have been a dominant form of propulsion on liquefi ed natural gas -LNG carriers for over forty years. Until recently, the possibility of using boil-off gas as fuel for boilers has been the reason for installing steam plants as the only means of propulsion of LNG carriers. However, it has been proved that these plants are not suffi ciently effi cient due to adverse impacts on both emissions and the vessel's operating expenses. It has also been found out that dual-fuel-electric propulsion is the most eff ective alternative to steam. Shipping companies select electric propulsion primarily because it provides excellent manoeuvrability and increased availability, allows reduction of the machinery space and better arrangement of shipping capacity and, naturally, because of lower fuel costs. This paper discusses the newest technologies and the operation principle of the low-pressure four-stroke dual-fuel diesel engine, specifi cally the 12V50DF and 9L50DF types produced by Wärtsilä company, and the concept of the dual-fuel-electric propulsion for the new generation of LNG carriers.
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the successful application of system dynamics simulation modelling at investigating performance dynamics of the ship steam boiler. Ship steam boiler is a complex non-linear system which needs to be systematically investigated as a unit consisting of a number of subsystems and elements, which are linked by cause-effect feedback loops, both within the system and with the relevant surrounding. In this paper the authors will present the efficient application of scientific methods for the research of complex dynamic systems called qualitative and quantitative simulation system dynamics methodology, which will allow for production and use of higher number and kinds of simulation models of the observed elements, and finally allow for the continuous computer simulation, which will contribute to acquisition of new information about the non-linear character of performance dynamics of ship steam boilers in the process of designing and education. Ship steam boiler will be presented in POWERSIM simulation language in mental-verbal, structural, and mathematical computer models.
System Dynamic SimulatingModeling is one of the most appropriate and successful scientific dynamics modeling methods of the complex, non -linear, natural, technical and organizational systems. The methodology of this method, together with use of digital computer, showed its efficiency in practice as very suitable means for solving the problems of management, of behavior, of sensibility, of flexibility of behavior dynamics of very complex systems. All this is made by computer simulating, i.e. "in laboratory", which mean without any danger for observed realities.The paper deals with dynamic analysis of automatic ship steering gear systems utilizing complex controls that function according to the principle of proportional, integral and derivation regulators. The analysis involves a system dynamic simulation modeling methodology as one of the most suitable and effective means of dynamic modeling of complex non-linear, natural, organizational and technical systems. The paper discusses system dynamics simulation models being used in qualitative (mental-verbal, structural) and quantitative (mathematical and computer) simulation models on ships equipped with trailing steering systems and PID regulator. Authors suggest using the presented models for designing and constructing new steering systems, for diagnosing existing constructions and for education in Universities.
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