Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture resulting in increased bone fragility and increased fracture risk. A prospective observational study was done to assess the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in an adult between 35 to 75 years of age in selected hospital, Idukki. A qualitative research approach used and 46 samples were selected. With prior permission from concerned authority, data was collected followed by informed consent from the participants.

The most frightening effect of Intramuscular (IM) injection that is the pain which is a major barrier in ensuring patient comfort is now under study to find an alternate way of management. And this present study is with the aim of comparing two such non-pharmacological methods namely Heifer skin tap technique (HSTT) and Cryotherapy in a selected hospital, Idukki, Kerala. Methods and materials: A qualitative approach with two experimental groups and a control group and posttest only design was used. Purposive sampling technique was used. Out of 90 samples, 30samples for each group assigned. Researcher evaluated the posttest pain using a standardized Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The results were the posttest mean pain score during IM injection for control and experimental group I after receiving Helfer skin tap technique