The mechanical characteristics of sheet metals are typically identified in the in-plane direction, although the sheet-metal forming processes (e.g., blanking, deep-drawing) are normally applied in the out-of-plane direction. As the mechanical characteristics are not necessarily constant, their direct experimental evaluation through the forming process would enable material monitoring and process optimization, and, additionally, material characterization in the out-of-plane direction. Full, partial (to a certain depth) and sequential (consecutive partial steps to full penetration) blanking experiments are performed on a laboratory blanking apparatus to correlate the out-of-plane material characteristics with the in-plane ones. The well-established in-plane approach to damage is introduced for the out-of-plane direction to determine the isotropic Lemaitre damage variable. Furthermore, yield and ultimate shear stresses are determined and correlated to their respective in-plane counterparts, offering a new insight in the sheet-metal blanking process. Keywords: cutting and forming, constitutive behavior, elastic-plastic material, mechanical testing, ductile damage, out-of-plane experiment Highlights • Experimental out-of-plane sheet-metal material characterization. • Use of in-plane approach for out-of-plane characterization. • Direct material characterization and correlation to in-plane parameters. • Experimental Lemaitre damage characterization in the out-of-plane direction. • Full, partial and sequential blanking experiments on laboratory blanking apparatus.
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