Research attention has been riveted in recent years on identifying the factors that explain or predict the outbreak of violent conflict triggered by environmental change or stress. Much less consideration has been given to understand the factors that orient environmental change situations toward cooperation and the process of negotiation instead. Preliminary analyses and findings are presented that examine the types of environmental, social and economic indicators that presage ripe conditions for negotiating cooperative water resource agreements under circumstances that could easily lead to conflict or cooperation. Unexpectedly, the empirical results suggest that inequality among riparian states across a wide range of physical, economic and social dimensions sets the stage constructively for the negotiation of international and regional agreements on shared water resources.
The concept of national security and the process by which it is negotiated has changed. No longer is security synonymous only with the physical well-being of the state; it is now associated with achieving safety from transboundary threats related to the environment, the economy, human rights, and access to food and resources, for example. This transformation of security from a primarily traditional military dimension to a multidimensional range of interests is accompanied by changes in the way these issues are negotiated among states. This article offers a framework and propositions that can help explain the differences. This thematic issue of International Negotiation on non-traditional security negotiation provides detailed cases and analyses that demonstrate and contrast how the negotiation process performs in resource, economic, food, and military security talks.
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