<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Chronic suppurative otitis media is a disease affecting the middle ear and mastoid cavity, leading to considerable morbidity by causing hearing loss; and even life threatening complications in squamosal type of CSOM, if left untreated over long periods of time. Hence it is imperative to treat the persistent ear discharge in CSOM according to the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms isolated. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This is a prospective cross sectional study done in 135 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media presenting with active ear discharge. Sterile swabs were used to collect pus from discharging ear and sent for culture sensitivity.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <em><span lang="EN-IN">Staphylococcus</span></em><span lang="EN-IN"> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> were the most common organisms isolated in this study. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> was most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, followed by Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>was most sensitive to Linezolid followed by Cefoxitin and Erythromycin. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Treating active discharge of CSOM according to pus culture sensitivity pattern reduces the bacterial load in the middle ear and makes the ear more favourable for graft uptake.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p><p class="keywords"><strong>Keywords: </strong><span lang="EN-IN">Chronic suppurative otitis media, Aerobic bacterial culture, Antibiotic susceptibility, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></span></p>

Background: Fibroepithelial polyps are benign polypoidal lesion which arises from mesoderm. It is one of the most common cutaneous lesions. Fibroepithelial polyps are infrequently noted in the pharynx of an adult. We report a case of a 35 year old male patient who presented with foreign body sensation in the throat since 15 days. On examination a pedunculated polyp of about 3x1 cm was noted to arise from upper pole of left tonsil. Tonsillectomy was done under general anaesthesia and was sent for HPE which revealed fibroepithelial polyp of left tonsil. Fibroepithelial polyps of palatine tonsils are rare pedunculated benign lesions and have extremely low malignancy transformation.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of tympanoplasty done for tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) should not only be to achieve a dry ear, but also to give hearing improvement to the patient. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between size and site of tympanic membrane perforation with degree of hearing loss and correlation between ossicular chain status and degree of hearing loss on pure tone audiometry.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients with tubotympanic CSOM with hearing loss upto 60 dBHL undergoing tympanoplasty were examined to know the site and size of tympanic membrane(TM) perforation. Intraoperative findings pertaining to middle ear and ossicles were noted.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 52 patients of tubotympanic type of CSOM, hearing loss was least (31.18±7.46 dBHL) in small perforations of the TM and highest in subtotal perforations (48.74±7.83 dBHL) which was statistically significant. Hearing loss was significantly more in posterior perforation (46.61±7.02 dBHL) than in anterior perforation of TM (32.65±8.77 dBHL).<strong> </strong>There was a statistically significant difference in pure tone average hearing loss between intact ossicle group (32.87±9.77 dBHL)<strong> </strong>and eroded ossicle group (43.39±9.60dBHL). Difference in air bone gap was also significant between intact ossicle group (24.09±9.56 dB) and eroded ossicle group (31.02±9.83 dB). Multiple ossicles were eroded in nineteen patients with incus being the most commonly eroded ossicle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study, hearing loss increased with increased size of TM perforation and also with posterior perforation. Incus was found to be the most commonly eroded ossicle. Multiple ossicles were seen eroded most commonly when hearing loss was moderate. The surgeon will be better equipped to do ossiculoplasty in view of these preoperative findings and also to counsel the patient better about their expectation of hearing improvement following surgery. </p>

ntroduction: Oral cancer ranks sixth among all types of cancer. India has the largest number of oral cancer cases and one-third of the total burden of globally.Though early detection of oral cancer provide long term survival and affordable healthcare, it still poses a signicant public health problem in India due to diagnosis in advanced stages, lack of accesibility to trained healthcare professionals and economical constraints for advanced facilities This cross sectional, lack of accesibility based study was conducted at Mandya Institute of MedicalMaterials and Methods: Sciences, Mandya to assess the perceptions regarding oral cancer among 100 MBBS and 100Nursing graduates from South Karnataka. A structured proforma was used to interview the participants which included (a) General information (b) Problem statement (c) Risk factors (d) Signs & Symptoms (e) Diagnosis, and (f) Treatment & prevention. Data was entered in MS excel spreadsheet. Descriptive analysis like proportion, mean, standard deviation, etc. was used. Statistical tests to detect signicant difference or association like T test, chi square test, etc was used. Results: The mean age of medical graduates was 25.9 ± 0.7 years and the mean age of nursing graduates was 23.1 ± 0.8 years. In this study 61.0% of the medical graduates were males whereas 86.0% of nursing graduates were female. The knowledge regarding the disease burden among medical graduates was 41.0% and that among nursing graduates was 23.0%. 86% of MBBS graduates and 84% of nursing graduates perceived smoking, chewing tobacco and tobacco with alcohol as risk factors for oral cancer. Most of the medical graduates (82.5%) and nursing graduates (87.5%) perceived white patch and weight loss as clinical features of oral cancer.Clinical examination as an aid to diagnose oral cancer was upheld by 89.0% of medical and 95.0% of nursing graduates. 95.0% of medical graduates knew that early stages could be treated with surgery and chemo- radiotherapy was preferred for advanced stage of the disease compared to 42.0% nursing graduates.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Regression of adenoids is assumed to be a physiological phenomenon at puberty. However, it has been found that it can persist well beyond adolescence into early adulthood, cascading a series of after effects in the upper respiratory tract that can cause considerable morbidity leading to public health problems. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological features of persistent adenoids and their secondary effects on the upper respiratory tract.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective controlled study of 100 eligible patients in the age group of 15-60 years presenting with enlarged adenoids confirmed by nasal endoscopy. Equal number of controls without enlarged adenoids was also taken. Both the groups were evaluated for secondary effects like chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media with effusion, chronic otitis media and Eustachian tube dysfunction. The relationship between adenoid enlargement in adults and secondary effects was analysed statistically.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Seventy-seven patients with persistent adenoids had some or the other secondary effect. Eustachian tube dysfunction was present in 21, otitis media with effusion in 10, chronic otitis media in 29 and chronic rhinosinusitis in 33. In the control group only 46 had secondary effects. The association between the presence of adenoids and secondary effects was statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Adenoids can persist into early adulthood and majority of them can have secondary effects. Chronic rhinosinusitis was the commonest in this study. Careful evaluation by means of nasal endoscopy is required to identify them. This is crucial for the timely treatment of this condition in order to prevent the associated secondary effects.</p>