In the present study the anti-inflammatory activity of Alpinia galanga is evaluated using rat paw edema, in comparison with Indomethacin using digital Plethysmometer. Male Wistar rats were grouped into 3 of 6 each. Test group given 250mg/kg Alpinia galanga suspended in 2% gum acacia, Standard group 20mg/kg Indomethacin orally. Hind paw edema was produced by sub plantar injection of 0.1ml of 1% carrageenin and the paw edema was measured at 0 and 3 hrs after injection using digital plethysmometer. Mean increase in paw volume and percentage inhibition were calculated. Data were represented as percentage inhibition of paw volume and Mean±S.E.M. Statistical analysis was done using student 't' test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. CONCLUSION: Alpinia galanga showed a 52.5% percentage of inhibition in comparison with Indomethacin which showed 68.75%. The test compound Alpinia galanga showed anti-inflammatory activity with a p value of <0.05 in comparison with Indomethacin with a p value of <0.001.
Calcium channel blockers are commonly used drugs for cardiovascular conditions like Hypertension, Angina Pectoris and Arrythmias. Effect of these drugs on other systems, on long term usage is not given importance. We present a case report of Hypothyroidism caused by long term usage of Amlodipine, a rarely identified adverse drug reaction caused by Calcium channel blockers.
Background and objectives: Congestive heart failure (CHF) continues to be a major clinical and public health problem with shift in etiology from hypertension, valvular heart disease to ischaemia. Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker with α1blocking activity. In the present study, the efficacy of Carvedilol, by assessing the baseline left ventricular ejection fraction heart rate, and blood pressure. Materials and methods: A total number of 40 patients were enrolled in the study, 20 were heart failure patients and 20 were age-sex matched controls (not receiving carvedilol). After the study period of 24 weeks, the efficacy of carvedilol in reducing heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated. Results: Carvedilol when given in low doses, was effective in increasing left ventricular ejection fraction from (31.73 ± 2.28 %) to (40.85 ± 7.51 %) with p< 0.0001, decreasing heart rate from (80.95 ± 5.10) to (71.50 ± 6.11) beats / min, with p<0.0001, and reducing systolic blood pressure 5.25 ± 4.99 with p<0.0006and diastolic blood pressure 6.50 ± 6.71 with p<0.4077 Conclusion: Carvedilol is a non-selective beta-blocker with α1blocking activity and when given in low doses, increases cardiac ejection fraction, decreases ventricular mass, improves the shape of the ventricle, and reduces systolic and diastolic volumes. In conclusion from our study, Carvedilol increases the baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and heart rate more significantly in the patients than in the controls.
Non-enzymatic free radical mediated oxidation of biological molecules, membranes and tissues is associated with a variety of pathological events such as cancer, aging and diabetes mellitus. [1] Increased oxidative stress is seen in both types of diabetes mellitus namely type 1 and type 2, irrespective of duration, complications and treatment. In diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress seems primarily due to both an increased plasma free radical concentration and a sharp decline in antioxidant defences. [1] Among the causes of enhanced free radical production, hyperglycemia and hyper insulinemia seem to play a major role, [2,3] Hyperglycemia is the more easily modifiable factor among the two and good glycemic control can reduce the oxidative stress. Controversy persists regarding the other possible mechanisms of increased oxidative stress in diabetes and whether oxidative stress normalizes with adequate metabolic control alone. The role of oxidative stress and diabetic complications has been extensively investigated. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in the genesis of both macro and micro angiopathy [4,5] Prospective trials are now underway addressing the controversial issues of possible role of pharmacological antioxidants in preventing or at least delaying the onset of diabetic complications.
Peptic ulcer disease continues to be issue especially due to its high prevalence in the developing world. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection associated duodenal ulcers should undergo eradication therapy. There are many regimens offered for H. pylori eradication which include triple, quadruple, or sequential therapy regimens. In our study we planned to see whether these differences in pharmacokinetic properties show any difference in the efficacy and safety parameters between treatment with omeprazole rabeprazole and esomeprazole in the triple drug regimen for eradication of H.pylori infection in peptic ulcer patients in our hospital Osmania General Hospital / Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 45 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients with either sex suffering from peptic ulcer defined as ulcer crater of >2.5mm in size by endoscopy. Study Design: It was a randomized double blind, parallel and comparative study. CONCLUSION: Two weeks after triple drug treatment, H.pylori was negative in 66.7%, 73% and 80% and Rapid urease test was negative in 53%, 60% and 66% in group A, B and C respectively. Endoscopy findings showed significant reduction in size and healing of ulcers in group A, B and C. There was improvement in signs and symptoms by 53 to 80%, after 2 weeks. Hence after therapy with triple drug regimen H.pylori eradication was 66-80% and healing of ulcers was 83-100% which was higher in Rabeprazole group. At 6 weeks, there was complete relief of signs and symptoms. At the follow up of 10 weeks there was no ulcer recurrence. No adverse effects were noted in all the groups. In conclusion, Triple drug regimen had shown to eradicate H.pylori infection in the treatment of Peptic ulcer. There was healing of ulcers in all the groups which was highly significant. There was no recurrence of peptic ulcer with these regimens in all the groups. However Rabeprazole group patients became asymptomatic rapidly than other groups with better H.pylori eradication.
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