The present study analyzes flexible rectangular concrete base-isolated liquid storage tanks (LSTs) for bi-directional earthquakes. The base-isolated LST is modeled in ABAQUS finite element software. The liquid is modeled by the Equation of State (EoS) with arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) remeshing algorithm, whereas the hexahedral solid finite elements model LST. Nonlinear time history analysis is performed by considering the LSTs' material nonlinearity and the nonlinearity produced in LST due to the water-structure interaction. As illustrative examples, different LSTs are considered in the present study with five lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolators each, four at the corners and one at the center. The parameters varied for analysis are the isolators' effective frequency, peak ground acceleration (PGA), height of water, and aspect ratio of LSTs. The response quantities of interest include Tresca stress, sloshing height, hydrodynamic pressure, overturning moment, and base shear. The numerical study results show that the liquid's sloshing increases by about 20%-30% at optimum frequency. Still, the forces induced in the tank are considerably reduced. The height of water, and aspect ratio of LSTs significantly influences the response behavior of the isolated tank.

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A comprehensive study of a 3D baffled concrete liquid storage tank (LST) is conducted to find out the maximum reduction in responses of the LSTs under a set of important parametric variations. They include (i) the type of earthquake; (ii) the optimum position and number of coupled baffles (top-mounted and bottom supported); and (iii) the angle of incidence earthquakes. Further, the percentage reductions of different responses of interest for the optimum baffled LST are investigated. The numerical study is performed in ABAQUS software for a square LST of 6m X 6m X 4.8m having a water height of 3.6m. The response quantities include the maximum mean values of base shear, overturning moment, top board displacement, hydrodynamic pressure, and sloshing height. The results of the study show that (i) with the optimum arrangement of baffles, significant reduction of in the sloshing height can be achieved; (ii) the type of earthquake does not have significant effect response reductions; and (iii) both PGA and angle of incidence of the earthquake have a moderate effect on response reductions.

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