AbstractThe presence of a sparse rain gauge network in complex terrain like the Himalayas has encouraged the present study for the concerned evaluation of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) ground-based gridded rainfall data for highly prevalent events like cloudbursts over the northwest Himalayas (NWH). To facilitate the abovementioned task, we intend to evaluate the performance of these observations at 0.25° × 0.25° (latitude–longitude) resolution against a predefined threshold (i.e., 99.99th percentile), thereby initially comprehending the success of IMD data in capturing the cloudburst events reported in media during 2014–16. Further, seven high-resolution satellite products, namely, CMORPH V0.x, PERSIANN-CDR, TMPA 3B42RT V7, IMERG V06B, INSAT-3D multispectral rainfall (IMR), CHIRPS V.2, and PERSIANN-CCS are evaluated against the IMD dataset. The following are our main results. 1) Six out of 18 cloudburst events are detected using IMD gridded data. 2) The contingency statistics at the 99.99th percentile reveal that the probability of detection (POD) of TMPA varies from 19.4% to 53.9% over the geographical stretch of NWH, followed by PERSIANN-CDR (18.6%–48.4%) and IMERG (4.9%–17.8%). 3) A new metric proposed as improved POD (IPOD) has been developed in this work, which takes into account the temporal lag that exists between observed and satellite estimates during an event period. Results show that for an event analysis IPOD provides a better comparison. The IPOD for TMPA is 32.8%–74.4%, followed by PERSIANN-CDR (34.4%–69.11%) and IMERG (15.3%–39.0%). 4) The conclusion stands as precipitation estimates obtained from CHIRPS are most suitable for monitoring cloudburst events over NWH with IPOD of 60.5%–78.6%.
The main goal of this research is to assess the Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA), a recently established high‐resolution (0.12° × 0.12°) reanalysis dataset, for observing cloudburst events over the Northwest Himalaya (NWH). In addition, a high‐resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) satellite estimate, the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) version 6 (IMERG‐V06B) (Final run), is validated against the IMDAA. The following is a summary of our significant findings. (1) Reanalysis data from the IMDAA detects 11 out of 16 cloudburst incidences. In addition, 10 events captured in the IMERG‐V06B data are a subset of those captured by IMDAA. According to contingency measures, the probability of detection (POD) of IMERG‐V06B at 99.99th percentile is 33.33%–63.39% along the geographical extent of NWH. When utilizing the improved probability of detection (IPOD) to account for time, the possibility of IMERG‐V06B detecting cloudburst occurrences ranges from 41.24% to 68.25%. (2) According to the finding, the IMDAA accurately detects cloudburst events in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), where data from the India Metrological Department (IMD) at a resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° have underperformed. As a result, we can deduce that IMDAA can be used to observe extreme events in the Himalayas. IMERG‐V06B is also relevant satellite data for monitoring cloudburst events and validating climate models.
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