Halide perovskite
(HP) materials are actively researched for resistive
switching (RS) memory devices due to their current–voltage
hysteresis along with low-temperature processability, superior charge
mobility, and simple fabrication. In this study, all-inorganic RbPbI3 perovskite has been doped with Cl in the halide site and
incorporated as a switching media in the Ag/RbPbI3–x
Cl
x
/ITO structure, since
pure RbPbI3 is nonswitchable. Five compositions of the
RbPbI3–x
Cl
x
(x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2) films are
fabricated, and the conductivity was found to be increasing upon increase
in Cl concentration, as revealed by dielectric and I–V measurements. The device with a 20% chloride-substituted
film exhibits a higher on/off ratio, extended endurance, long retention,
and high-density storage ability. Finally, a plausible explanation
of the switching mechanism from iodine vacancy-mediated growth of
conducting filaments (CFs) is provided using conductive atomic force
microscopy (c-AFM). The c-AFM measurements reveal that pure RbPbI3 is insulating in nature, whereas Cl-doped films demonstrate
resistive switching behavior.
A lightweight multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) two‐element wearable ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna having a port isolation of greater than 21 dB is introduced in this communication. The proposed structure includes wearable jeans cloth as a substrate, wherein two inverted u‐formed stubs are mounted in the middle position located on the backside of antenna and attached to the partially etched ground for enhancing the characteristics of port isolation. The developed UWB MIMO antenna has a size of 50 x 35 mm2 and covers the frequency range operating from 1.83 to 13.82 GHz (~153.2%). The suggested MIMO antenna is inexpensive and functions across a broad frequency range of applications including WLAN (2.4‐2.484 GHz/5.15‐5.35 GHz/5.72‐5.825 GHz), Downlink‐uplink WiMAX (3.2‐3.85 GHz), and C‐band (3.7‐4.2 GHz/5.925‐6.425 GHz). The diversity gain (DG) is found to be greater than 9.9 along with envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) to be less than 0.059 across the entire operating bandwidth. The proposed MIMO antenna's channel power loss is bestowed to be less than 0.35 bit/s/Hz. The SAR results of the proposed UWB MIMO design admits that the antenna performs satisfactorily and is suitable for wearable applications. Simulation and testing fairly proved the output of the proposed antenna as a righteous candidate applicable for UWB MIMO applications.
A compact two-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for triple-band applications with very high port isolation. The structure is constructed in-house with a flexible biomass material which is coconut husk. Two metallic "8"-shaped antenna structures are employed manually on the substrate to serve as MIMO elements. Frequency bands of the antenna for (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) are obtained from 2.04 to 2.51 GHz, 4.43 to 5.35 GHz, and 6.76 to 8.78 GHz. The antenna fulfills the wireless local area network (WLAN) (2.4-2.485/5.15-5.35 GHz), fixed-mobile (4.45-5.15 GHz), and International telecommunication union (ITU) (8-8.5 GHz) application bands. A stub with three subsections is integrated in the ground to improve the overall triple-band port isolation characteristics. It is found that the minimum port isolation for entire application bands is greater than 20 dB. This low correlation between the elements is further confirmed by low value of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.14) and high value of diversity gain (DG > 9.98 dB). Channel capacity loss (CCL < 0.22 bit/s/Hz) and mean effective gain (MEG = ±0.19 dB) are also found within acceptable ranges. Characterization of the substrate material of the proposed MIMO antenna is rigorously investigated by analyzing its dielectric constant and loss tangent. Simulated and measured results ratify that the antenna is fit for triple-band MIMO applications.
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