For an uninterrupted power supply, renewable energy promises to be a suitable alternative compared to the conventional sources. System delays or communication delays may cause significant synchronization imbalances between various components in big electrical grids. Since the properties of solar and wind generation constantly change with climatic circumstances, engineers encounter many difficulties when substituting sustainable power with conventional electricity. The computation delay margin may be leveraged to handle a time-delayed automatic generation control (AGC) system. In order to regulate a distributed hybrid renewable energy system in a three-area AGC configuration, this paper investigates the influence of the fractional integral order on the stable system’s delay parameter region. By changing the fractional order range, the delay margin can be increased, potentially broadening the time-delayed system’s stability region. The controller’s stability region has dependency on the order of fraction and the time delay. For this purpose, the asymptotic Bode diagram of the time-delayed fractional proportional-integral controller is determined. The gain and phase margins are used to calculate the delay margin for the application in discussion. The Honey Badger algorithm helps to adjust the controller parameters. It is also confirmed that the suggested controller is resilient to random load perturbations, nonlinearities, and parameter variations.
In recent decades, renewable energy has emerged as one of the most
promising alternatives to traditional energy sources for long-term,
uninterrupted power supply. Engineers face numerous challenges when
replacing renewable energy with con ventional energy because the
characteristics of solar and wind generation rapidly fluctuates with
environmental conditions, resulting in large synchronizing imbal ances
between different units with system delays or communication delays in
large electrical grids. They want to leverage computation delay margin
to build a control mechanism that can handle a wide range of time delays
(MADB). The authors of this article concentrate on the effects of the
fractional integral order (FOI) on the stable parameter space for the
regulation of a hybrid renewable energy based dis tributed system (DGS)
in three-area AGC configuration. By altering the fractional order range,
the delay margin () can be expanded, which can help to expand the
stability region of a time delayed system. The stable parameter spaces
of the con troller are computed stability boundary based on the
fractional integral order and time delay ( ) values, and the present
authors have developed asymptotic bode plot of time delayed
Fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) controller and computing
delay margin () using gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM) for this
purpose. Honey badger algorithm (HBA) has been devised for fine-tuning
the above-mentioned controller parameters. The controller’s resilience
is confirmed in the presence of random load perturbations,
nonlinearities, and parameter fluctuation.
In the upcoming epochs, conventional energy may deplete soon. Thus, the
use of conventional energy in the power industries need to be
supplemented by non-conventional energy resources. This would result in
loss of synchronisms in the power grids owing to the fact that solar and
wind alternate their attributes expeditiously with change in atmospheric
phenomenon. To ameliorate frequency deviation within a specific range
automatic generation control (AGC) implements forced allowance on system
operation. A three area thermal with photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicle
(EV), wind system is considered under deregulated environment to develop
and to judge the efficacy of newly developed cascade fractional order
hybrid controller combination of (FOTID & 3DOF-PID). Comparing the
aforementioned controller to other controllers such as the three degree
of freedom proportional-integral-derivative (3DOF-PID), the fractional
order tilt-integral-derivative (FOTID), and the
proportional-integral-derivative (PID) justifies the system’s
effectiveness. This assessment has been accomplished by a trendy
optimization technique such as hybrid whale optimization algorithm
(HWOT). However, the main intent of this write-up is to fabricate a
cascade fractional order (CC-FO) hybrid controller that would act as the
new control mechanism for the proposed system under deregulated
scenario. It has been found that the suggested CC-FO hybrid controller
stabilises the system ( i.e., Under step load disruptions,
frequency deviation and tie-line power become zero) in the shortest
amount of time possible. Additionally, it is seen that the recommended
controller can control a wide range of nominal loading circumstances and
system characteristics, demonstrating its robustness.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.