This study investigates the effects of a study course in oral health care on the perceptions of nursing students. The course was designed and evaluated by a multi-professional team at a Japanese nursing school.
Method:The subjects were 119 nursing students. They participated in the oral health course that comprised 45h of training in 4 years. These were designed and taught by oral health professionals, a certified speech-hearing therapist, and nurses. Questionnaires were distributed to subjects to compare their perceptions and awareness about oral health care before, in between, and after the courses.A chi-square test was used to compare the data. Results: After completing the courses, more than 95% of the participants were interested in the oral health care practice and expected to collaborate with oral health professionals after getting qualified. Additionally, they understood the effectiveness of oral health care for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia and perceived that oral health care should be provided to hospitalized patients and community-dwelling older adults. Their awareness of the need to learn techniques for tooth brushing support, salivary gland massage, oral management, swallowing training, removing tongue coating, and gargling, both in theory and practice, was significantly improved. Conclusion: Multi-professional education has the potential to improve the awareness of nursing students of oral health care and promote collaborative oral health care in the future.
K E Y W O R D Sattitudes toward oral health, perceptions of oral health, collaborative oral health care, multiinterprofessional education, nursing students 786
Background: Nurses' oral assessment and dental referral performance for inpatients are important to provide appropriate oral care services in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of oral assessments and dental referrals for their inpatients among nurses and to identify factors associated with that performance to promote oral health care in hospitals. Methods: All nurses (n = 919) who worked at five hospitals in Japan were recruited as responders. A questionnaire regarding their performance of oral assessments and dental referrals was distributed to the subjects in each hospital. The data were collected from August 2018 to September 2018. Results: A total of 757 (82.4%) nurses (82 males and 675 females) responded to the questionnaire. With respect to each of the 8 oral assessment categories, 16.2-41.2% of the nurses performed oral assessments for more than 50% of their inpatients, and 20.3-29.9% had encouraged more than one inpatient to see a dentist within the previous 3 months. Significant differences were found by ward and hospital in their performance of oral assessments for inpatients. Additionally, their oral assessment performance, knowledge of the usage of oral assessment tools, wards, and hospitals were significantly associated with their dental referral performance. Conclusions: The performance of oral assessment and dental referral was not developed sufficiently in the hospitals. Thus, oral health professionals should support oral assessment education for nurses, including usage of assessment tools, to promote dental referral by nurses. These results may contribute to promotion of dental referral performance by nurses and provision of oral health care by oral health professionals for hospital inpatients.
It was difficult to join dissimilar materials such as metallic material and polymer. Conventional joining processes of these materials were mechanical fastening, using adhesion, thermal pressing, laser welding and so on. These processes had disadvantages such as expensive apparatus, restriction of dimension of products and lack of anti-weather resistance.Friction Stir Welding (FSW), which was one of the solid state joinings, was available as a joining process for dissimilar metals. However, in case of joining metal and polymer, it was not available to use the tool for FSW. So we proposed Friction Lap Process to join a metallic material with a polymer and investigated mechanical and metallurgical properties of this dissimilar joint. Itwas described in this paper that joining mechanism is discussed with evaluation of microstructure at the interface between aluminum alloy and polymer. High density polyethylene was not able to be joined for as received aluminum alloy. Anodizing was effective to join with these materials.
Objective: This study sought to investigate the current status and faculty members' perceptions of oral care education in Bachelor of Nursing curriculums in Japan.Method: Data were gathered through a questionnaire survey of 196 participants, who were faculty members in charge of oral care education in the basic, adult, gerontological, and home nursing fields, from 295 nursing schools that offered Bachelor degrees in nursing across Japan. Results: The quantitative data showed that 38.5% of the participants worked for less than 5 years as oral care educators, only 15.5% taught oral care in perioperative wards, only 62.2% used an oral care training simulator, and less than 30% believed that training in the prevention of oral diseases should be enhanced. From the descriptive responses, this study identified such problems as the inability of students to perform student-on-student and patient-based oral care training owing to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and the lack of teaching materials, time, and human resources, and cooperation with other nursing fields and health professionals.Conclusions: This study revealed several problems in oral care education in the Bachelor of Nursing curriculums in Japan. To tackle these challenges, this study suggests the development of an interdisciplinary course that unifies oral care education in nursing fields, in order to promote collaborative oral care education and to improve nursing students' knowledge and skills of oral care.
The patient was a 55-year old Japanese man, who had a traffic accident and suffered cervical cord injury in Thailand. Although he received an emergency operation and intensive care, he had respiratory paralysis and received a tracheostomy. One month after the accident, he still needed to receive mechanical ventilatory support. He and his wife hoped to return to Japan. We were asked to transport the patient from Bangkok to Tokyo. With some help from an assistance company, we could transport the patient safely from Bangkok to Tokyo on a commercial airline under mechanical ventilatory support. We experienced the several regulations and difficulties in performing medical treatment and transportation of a critical patient in a commercial airline.
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