The Internet of Things is an emerging worldwide ecosystem in which smart devices interact to build smart homes, smart cities, etc. In such context, plethora of research efforts are oriented to networking and devices; analyzing and formalizing IoT systems are still in their earliest state. In this paper, we propose a BiAgents* (Bigraphical Agents) model to provide a formal description for IoT systems structure and behavior. In addition, we encode the BiAgents* specification into Maude language to enable an autonomic execution of the IoT systems' behaviors. The proposed approach is illustrated and evaluated through an example (an intelligent case of collision avoidance system).
Fog systems are a new emergent technology having a wide range of architectures and pronounced needs making their design complex. Consequently, the design of fog systems is crucial, including service portability and interoperability between the various elements of a system being the most essential aspects of fog computing. This article presents a fog system cross-layer architecture as a first step of such a design to provide a graphical and conceptual description. Then, a BiAgents* (Bigraphical Agents) formal model is defined to provide a rigorous description of physical, virtual, and behavioural aspects of Fog systems. Besides, this formalisation is implemented and executed under a Maude strategy system. The proposed approach is illustrated through a case study: an airport terminal Luggage Inspection System (LIS) while checking the correctness of its relevant properties: the portability of data and their interoperability. The integration of the Maude strategies in the rewriting of Fog system states made it possible to guide the execution of the model and its analysis.
The Internet of Things (IoT) consists in connecting every aspect of daily and professional life to a common infrastructure, in order to improve considerably the efficiency of otherwise unthinking objects. The huge scale on which they operate, as well as the lack of adequate standards and infrastructures makes the development of IoT applications a task of gradually growing complexity. The objective of this work is to define a formal model with BiAgents (Bigraphical Agents) for IoT applications, based on a suggested generic multi-layered architecture. We show how bigraphs support the structural aspects modelisation of these applications while the agents specify their analytical and decisional aspects. We proceed then to the edition and execution of our model using the bigraph implementation tool (RCTool4 Bigraphs), and through the exploitation of its model-checker, we formally verify its most critical property. As a practical example, we study the case of a Collision Avoidance System.
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