This study showed that creating a supportive and safe work environment is essential by ensuring adequate nurse staffing, supplying best-quality personal protective equipment, and improving communication to provide the quality of care during infection outbreak.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of video-based peer review on communication skills and learning motivation among nursing students. A non-equivalent control with pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 47 sophomore nursing students taking a fundamentals of nursing course at a nursing college in Korea. Communication with a standardized patient was videotaped for evaluation. The intervention group used peer reviews to evaluate the videotaped performance; a small group of four students watched the videotape of each student and then provided feedback. The control group assessed themselves alone after watching their own videos. Communication skills and learning motivation were measured. The intervention group showed significantly higher communication skills and learning motivation after the intervention than did the control group. The findings suggest that peer review is an effective learning method for nursing students to improve their communication skills and increase their motivation to learn.

A high-spin isomer in 145 Sm was discovered by using Inverse kinematic reactions, 20 Ne e Xe,a7n) 145 Sm and 16 0 e 36 Xe,7n) 145 Sm. The half life was determined to be 0.96 J.LSec. Sixty-five 1-rays were identified by the /')'-coincidence measurements to belong to the isomer decay. The low-lying level scheme of 145 Sm was established in detail by the in-beam 1-ray measurements using the 139 La e 0 B,4n) 145 Sm reaction. A complex decay scheme of this isomer was constructed by using the data obtained from the 136 Xe induced reactions, combining the informations of low-lying states mentioned above. The excitation energy of this isomer was determined to be 8.8 MeV. The /')'-coincidence measurement using the 138 Ba (13 C,6n) 145 Sm reaction was also performed. Based on this information, the level scheme above the high-spin isomer was extended up to the state at 14.6 MeV. A 1-ray angular distribution measurement using the same reaction with pulsed beam was carried out and was used to assign a spin value of each level. Low-lying states in 145 Sm were interpreted to originate from a single neutron coupled to the 144 Sm core excitation. Experimental yrast states were compared with a calculation of a deformed independent particle model (DIPM). A configuration of the high-spin isomer was deduced by the DIPM calculation to be { 7r h ll /2 2 v (f 7 /2 h 9/2 i 13/2) } 49/2+ .

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Irrigation accounts for 42% of the total freshwater withdrawals in the United States. Climate change, the pressure of a growing population, degrading water quality, and increased competition from other sectors could constrain continuous supply to meet future agricultural water demand. This study presents an evaluation framework to assess the potential reuse of agricultural drainage water for crop irrigation. Using a regional approach, we review the current state of agricultural drainage treatment and reuse and the institutional, economic, and other barriers that can influence the reuse decision. In the 31 eastern states, agricultural drainage contains valuable nutrients that can be reused for irrigation with minimal treatment, while the 17 western states struggle with large volumes of saline drainage that can contain constituents of concern (e.g., selenium), preventing reuse without treatment. Using a new decision-support tool called WaterTAP3, a potential treatment train for saline agricultural drainage was analyzed to identify treatment challenges, research needs, and the potential implementation at a larger scale. As demonstrated by our case study, desalination of agricultural drainage is costly and energy intensive and will require sizable investments to fully develop and optimize technologies as well as manage the generated waste and brine.