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The study was performed on 10 New Zealand white rabbits 6 months old and weighing 3.0 to 4. 5 kg so as to evaluate the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TES) on the right radial fracture healing. A piece of 0. 5 cm full thickness of right midshaft of radial bone was removed in all rabbits under general anesthesia. They were divided into two groups (control and experimental) of 5 rabbits each. No treatment was given to control group, whereas experimental rabbits were subjected to TES. Radiographs were taken from all rabbits before surgery and on 15, 30 and 45 days. The callus sample was collected from the exact defected part on 45 days that was fixed and was stained with H&E method for histomorphological interpretation. Clinically there was faster skin wound healing in experimental rabbits as compared to the control group. Radiographical interpretation revealed periosteal reaction on 15 days and callus formation was much more on 30 and 45 days/ in experimental one as compared to control group. In experimental group there was the least cartilaginous and fibrotic tissues with thick bony trabeculae formation. It was concluded that TES has got positive effect on skin wound healing besides accelerating callus formation at the site of radial defect with early restoration of full limb function.

Introduction: This research aimed to study the healing process of cryosurgical wounds after topical application of low-level laser and to evaluate its effects for the prevention of healing complications. Materials  and Methods: A total of 50 healthy  male Wistar  rats with an average  weight   of 200-250 g were selected and randomly divided into two main groups. In control group (N=25), cryosurgery was done without using of low-level laser. In experimental group (N=25), cryosurgery was done and the low-level laser was used for 10 days post-surgery. Each main group was divided into five subgroups (n=5) according to histopathological evaluation date (3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-surgical) and healing process was evaluated on the wound specimens harvested at above-mentioned days. The full- thickness wounds were harvested   in 40 mm in length and 20 mm in width and the specimens were stained using hematoxylin- eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining. The healing process  was evaluated  and compared  in groups by observation of granulation tissue and collagen fibers amounts, epithelial gap size, the number of inflammatory cells, and the rate of angiogenesis. Data were collected and statistically analyzed and compared between the experimental and control groups on specific days using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dan post hoc statistical tests. Results:  The obtained data were compared between the experimental and control groups    on different days using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dan post hoc statistical tests. The statistical results revealed significant differences between groups (P<0.05) in all mentioned variables. It revealed that the healing process in the experimental group took place at least one week earlier than the control group. Conclusion: The results of this animal study showed that the low-level laser therapy on an experimental cryosurgical wound not only accelerates the healing process but also can be effective in the prevention of healing complications. The authors suggest further research to extend the results to human applications.

Phimosis is the inability of the penis to protrude from the prepuce. In the present report, we present two cases of phimosis in two rhesus monkeys. Surgical enlargement of preputial orifice was performed for unrestricted movement of penis. The exact cause of this condition is unknown to us.

Objectives The present study was undertaken to determine the possible effects of the placement two different types of eyelid speculum on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in clinically normal cats. Methods Thirty healthy cats were divided randomly into two groups of 15, group B (Barraquer wire speculum) and group W (Williams eye speculum). All cats were sedated with intramuscular medetomidine (Dorbene vet; 100 μg/kg) then placed in right lateral recumbency, and IOP was recorded in the left eye using a Tono-Pen Vet tonometer without and with an eyelid speculum in place in both groups. Results The without-speculum IOPs for cats in group B and group W were 13.8 ± 3.0 mmHg and 13.2 ± 3.6 mmHg, respectively, and did not differ significantly. A significant increase in IOP (19.8 ± 3.7 mmHg) was observed in group W in with-speculum measurements in comparison to the without-speculum values ( P <0.001).There was no significant difference between with- and without-speculum IOP values (13.8 ± 2.7 mmHg) in group B ( P = 1.0). Conclusions and relevance The Barraquer wire speculum has no effect on IOP compared with the Williams eye speculum in normal cats, and may be an appropriate choice in cats for intraocular surgeries that cannot tolerate acute increases in IOP.

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Skin physiology in cats has received little attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term influence of sex, time and the level of dietary fat and energy on the dynamics and qualities of the hair coat. Twenty-four European short-haired laboratory cats were followed over a 1-year period. They were divided into eight groups of three, according to: sex (12 males and 12 females), sexual status (intact or neutered) and diets [(high energy 4300 kcal/kg as fed, 21% fat) vs. (moderate energy 3500 kcal/kg as fed, 10% fat)]. Both diets were fed for 6 months to all cats following a cross-over design. The following parameters were evaluated throughout the study: thickness of hair coat and hair lengths (neck, rump, lateral, flank), hair regrowth (after periodic clippings of 25 cm 2 areas), and telogen/anagen ratio. The thickness of the hair coat initially varied from 1.2-1.7 cm on the neck, 1-1.4 cm on the rump, 1.8-2.5 cm on the flank, and hair shaft lengths were 1.7-2.5, 3.7-3.9 and 2.5-3.2 cm, respectively. Comparison of values revealed few statistical differences: increase of the thickness of hair coat in neutered cats (male and female) during the study, and increase of the length of lateral hairs in all groups during the study. Over all periods and in all groups, the curve of growth was similar (rapid then slower). Some transient variations were attributed to temporary changes in ambient conditions. In conclusion, neither sex, nutrition or season (in housed cats) influenced the general quality of hair coat, in particular hair regrowth. Funding: Royal Canin. P-2Evaluation of the influence of sex, diet and time on skin pH and surface lipids of cats P. BOURDEAU, K. W. TAYLOR, P. NGUYEN and V. BIOURGE National Veterinary School of Nantes, Nantes, France; Royal Canin, Aimargues, France Skin lipids and pH are two factors classically considered of importance in homeostatic characteristics of skin. Skin physiology in cats has received little attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term influence of sex, sexual status, season, and dietary fat and energy on these parameters. Twenty-four European short-haired laboratory cats, 14 months of age, were followed over a 1-year period. They were divided into 8 groups of three, according to: sex (12 males and 12 females), sexual status (intact or neutered) and diets [(high energy 4300 kcal/kg as fed, 21% fat) vs. (moderate energy 3500 kcal/kg as fed, 10% fat)]. Both diets were fed to all cats for 6 months following a cross-over design. Parameters regularly evaluated were skin pH and hair total lipid content (extraction from samples of 0.6-1.2 g of clipped hairs). The pH of the skin varied from 6.6-6.8 initially to 7.2-7.4 at the end of the study. This increase was significant only in intact animals (male and female). The dietary changes did not affect skin pH. Hair total lipid content was not affected by sex or the diets but slightly increased in all groups over the study period from 1.5-2.4 to 2.4-3.3%. In conclusion, skin pH appeared to be potentially m...