In the context of a developed capital market, the dimensioning of the accounting profit is very important for investors, considering the financing of the economic entities to a higher degree than that offered by the banking system. We intend to emphasize some risks that appear from the perspective of creative accountancy (an expression of the disconnection between accountancy and taxation). The risks consist in some less ethical tendencies of artificially oversizing and undersizing the accounting and the tax profit according to certain objectives, risks that can be controlled through a better activity of accounting regulations. We can say that the accounting result can be influenced in the case of a taxation connected ratio. On the other hand, the accounting result is subject to an increasing risk due to the creative accounting. Under these circumstances, a question appears: Which risk is better to be assumed taking into account the dimension of the accounting result?
Creating value for shareholders in terms of equity value growth significantly depends on the ability of corporate governance to make optimal decisions for the company's competitiveness. The article conducts a comparative study between Romania, France and the average recorded in the European Union regarding competitiveness in companies from the accounting business field for the timeframe 2008-2013. Competitiveness is measured as the average for the domesticowned companies and separately for the foreign-owned companies. Competitiveness assessment is based on asset related elements, processes and performance. The key success factors used for assessing competitiveness are investment rate, gross operating rate, turnover per person employed, share of personal cost in production and added value. The data are collected through the European Statistical System and processed by means of competitiveness analysis methods used in the literature. The findings show that the competitiveness of Romanian and French companies from the accounting business field is above the European Union average. The hypothesis according to which the foreign-owned companies are more competitive than domestic-owned companies is partially confirmed. The foreign owned companies are increasing their competitiveness by reducing labour cost and increasing productivity and added value. They invest far less than companies with local ownership.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causality between good public governance captured through six World Bank governance indicators and unemployment rate (unemployment as % of the total labour force) as a clear indicator of labour market performance. Although some previous papers have empirically demonstrated the casual nexus between country-level governance and economic development, this study investigates the relation of causality between public governance and the labour market. By employing Granger non-causality tests, we tested two hypotheses with regard to this nexus. We argue that bidirectional Granger causality is predominant for the relation of country-level governance and unemployment. Finally, our paper offers a complex quantitative analysis of the causal nexus between public governance quality and one of the most known labour market activity indicators for an extended panel dataset of countries worldwide for 10 years.
This study aims to explore some particularities concerning the Romanian audited entities which are oriented mainly towards contracting audit services from the largest companies providing auditing services (Big 4 companies). The assessment criteria taken into consideration for the differentiation of the beneficiaries of the audit services, at Romanian level are related to competitiveness, to the structure of share capital and to the nature of the audited entities' management. There was taken into consideration the impact differentiation of each indicator, by coefficients of importance. If at international level, previous results show a supremacy for the Big 4 audit services providers, not the same situation confirms at Romanian level. The results show that only 18% of the sampled audited entities benefit from audit services provided by the Big 4, irrespective of their level of competitiveness, the structure of share capital or the structure of management.
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