We tested whether corticosterone replacement causes increased sucrose drinking in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats compared to sham-ADX (sham) rats. ADX rats given high doses of corticosterone drank as much sucrose as sham rats, whereas at three lower doses of corticosterone, drinking was similar between groups and was only approximately 40% of that ingested by shams. Compared to sham rats, ADX rats drinking saline, or saline and saccharin, gain weight more slowly, contain less white adipose tissue, and have higher sympathetic outflow as assessed by uncoupling protein content in brown adipose tissue. Allowing sucrose as well as saline to drink restored all of these variables to normal in ADX rats with no- or low-corticosterone. All endpoints from sucrose-drinking ADX rats with no-or low-corticosterone were indistinguishable from those in water-drinking shams. By contrast, sucrose-drinking ADX rats that were given high doses of corticosterone exhibited the usual catabolic effects of corticosterone on body weight gain and, unlike sucrose-drinking shams, were obese. We conclude that (i) high corticosterone stimulates the potability of sucrose and inhibits sympathetic stimulation of uncoupling protein; (ii) sucrose, without corticosterone, normalizes metabolic deficits in ADX rats probably through actions mediated both peripherally and by the central nervous system; and (iii) ADX rats have a distinct sucrose appetite.
Cutaneous infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are not usual but their relative importance has changed during the last few years and still further changes are expected. This study comprised 13 patients from whom NTM were recovered from skin biopsy specimens, sinus exudates or cutaneous abscesses. All samples were processed according to standard methods, and the isolates were identified by biochemical testing. Skin biopsy specimens, when available, were processed for histopathological study. The clinical records of the patients were reviewed, and the relevant clinical, microbiological and epidemiological data collected. The clinical manifestations were noted to be relatively nonspecific and consisted of draining sinuses, abscesses, ulcers and nodules with multicentric or sporotrichoid patterns. Tissue culture isolated Mycobacterium fortuitum complex in nine patients, M. avium in three, and M. marinum in one. In the nine patients studied by histopathology, various patterns were observed. These included dermo-hypodermal abscesses, suppurative granulomas, tuberculoid granulomas and granulomas with a perifollicular distribution. Cutaneous lesions can thus be the first and the only sign of NTM disease, and culture still remains the definitive diagnostic procedure.
RESUMENEn este artículo se realiza un estudio epidemiológi-co descriptivo de las muertes de etiología suicida ocurridas en Sevilla en el año 2004 y los datos obtenidos se comparan con otros estudios previos realizados en la misma zona. La tasa de suicidio fue de 8,36 por 100.000 habitantes con una relación hombre/mujer de 2,6:1. La edad media global ha sido de 54,3 años (52,7 años en varones y 58,7 años en mujeres). El mayor número de suicidios (58,5%) se producen en el segundo y tercer trimestre del año (primavera y verano). En cuanto al estado civil, la mayor frecuencia se produce en personas casadas (31,2%). Solo en el 9,5% de los suicidas existían antecedentes de intentos autolíticos previos. La ahorcadura ha sido el mecanismo más empleado en los varones (50,9%) mientras que en las mujeres el mecanismo más frecuente ha sido la precipitación (41,5%). Un 57,1% de los sujetos tenía antecedentes psiquiátricos siendo los trastornos más frecuentes la depresión o los síntomas depresivos (65,5%) y la esquizofrenia (15,5%). Se efectuaron aná-lisis químico-toxicológicos en el 78,2% de los casos de los cuales fueron positivos el 69,6%. El alcohol etílico fue la sustancia más detectada (24,3%), seguido de las benzodiazepinas (18,3%) y los antidepresivos (11,3%). Se observa una cierta estabilización en la tasa de suicidios en Sevilla desde mediados del siglo XX hasta la actualidad.Palabras clave: Suicidio, epidemiología, Sevilla, autopsia, medicina forense. Cuad Med Forense 2005; 11(39):43-53 ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present an epidemiological descriptive study of the suicides occurred in Seville in 2004 and the results are compared with data obtained in previous studies in the same area. Suicide rate was 8,36 per 100.000 inhabitants with a male/female ratio of 2,6:1. The medium age has been 54,3 years (52,7 years in males and 58,7 years in females). Suicides predominate in the second and third trimester of the year (spring and summer). Taking into account the civil status, the mayor frequency appears in married (31,2%). Only 9,5% of the cases had antecedents of previous autolysis intents. Hanging was the most frequent mechanism to commit suicide in men (50.9%) while in women was jumping (41,5%). In 57,1% of cases there were antecedents of mental disorder mainly depression of depressive symptoms (65,5%) followed by schizophrenia (15,5%). Toxicological analyses were performed in 78,2% of cases with positive results in 69,6%. Ethanol was the toxic most detected (24,3%) followed by benzodiazepines (18,3%) and antidepressants (11,3%). According to the results of the study, we observe a certain stabilization of the suicide rates in Seville from the middle of the XXth century up to now.
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