The key cation-sites M3 and A1 (and, in principle, M2) determine the root name. In both clinozoisite and allanite subgroups no prefix is added to the root name if M1 = Al. The prefixes ferri, mangani, chromo, and vanado indicate dominant Fe 3+ , Mn 3+ , Cr 3+ , and V 3+ on M1, respectively. In the dollaseite subgroup no prefix is added to the root name if M1 = Mg. Otherwise a proper prefix must be attached; the prefixes ferro and mangano indicate dominant Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ at M1, respectively. The dominant cation on A2 (other than Ca) is treated according to the Extended Levinson suffix designation. This simple nomenclature requires renaming of the following approved species: Niigataite (old) = clinozoisite-(Sr) (new), hancockite (old) = epidote-(Pb) (new), tweddillite (old) = manganipiemontite-(Sr) (new). Minor modifications are necessary for the following species: Strontiopiemontite (old) = piemontite-(Sr) (new), androsite-(La) (old) = manganiandrosite-(La) (new). Before a mineral name can be assigned, the proper subgroup has to be determined. The determination of a proper subgroup is made by the dominating valence at M3, M1, and A2 expressed as M 2+ and or M 3+ , not by a single, dominant ion (i.e., Fe 2+ , or Mg, or Al). In addition, the dominant valence on O4: X -or X 2-must be ascertained. The dominant trivalent cation on M3 determines the name, whereas the A2 cation appearing in the suffix has to be selected from among the divalent cations. (2) Allanite and dollaseite subgroups: For the sites involved in the charge compensation of a heterovalent substitution in A2 and O4 (i.e. M3 in the allanite subgroup; M3 and M1 in the dollaseite subgroup), identification of the relevant end-member formula must take into account the dominant divalent charge-compensating octahedral cation (M 2+ ) and not the dominant cation in these sites.Formal guidelines and examples are provided in order to determine a mineral "working name" from electron-microprobe analytical data.
In this study, a facile precipitation process to treat wastewater from zinc plating industry is presented. Water purification rates of Zn range between 96.40 % and 99.99 % depending on the reaction conditions. Optimal results are gained at a low pH value of 9, low temperature of 40°C and a fast alkalization using NaOH solution containing 16 % pure NaOH. Traces of Ni, Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr present in the wastewater were almost completely removed. The precipitates were analysed by X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. They consist of doped ZnO as a main phase. Although ZnO exclusively crystallizes in nanoparticle size, the morphology is directly influenced by the experimental parameters. Additionally, very small amounts of ZnCO 3 and Zn(OH) 2 were detected. Magnetic investigations indicate the incorporation of Ni and Fe into the ZnO lattice. The measured saturation magnetization is *0.01 emu/g and the Curie temperature is *75°C.
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