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Background: This study described validity of Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) for assessing energy and nutrient intake among Iranian population. Methods: A group of experienced nutritionists translated the DHQ to Farsi language and modified it based on Iranian food habits and cooking methods. We recruited 244 healthy adults with a mean age of 42.83 ± 0.75 yrs. from healthy individuals who were friends or relatives of patients in the Cancer Institute of Iran from April 2011 to February 2012. We used the DHQ to assess dietary intakes through interviews as well as at least four 24-h recalls one in every season. Reliability was estimated by comparing data of DHQ with mean intake from 24-hour recalls using deattenuated and energy-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients. We classified dietary intakes of two methods into three groups to probe if DHQ correctly allocates subjects into different intake groups compared to reference method. The results are reported as percent of disagreement, adjacent agreement, and complete agreement. Results: Deattenuated spearman correlation ranged from 0.18 for vitamin B12 and fat to 0.60 for sugar. It ranged from 0.13 for pantothenic acid to 0.60 for sugar in men and from 0.07 for fat to 0.58 for sugar in females. The complete agreement of methods ranged from 51% for selenium to 36% for carotene in the entire sample, from 50% for energy to 31% for niacin in males and from 49% for sugar to 27% for vitamin B12 in females. Conclusion: The DHQ is a valid tool for assessing most nutrients intake among Iranian population. In addition, it is a proper instrument in categorizing individuals based on their dietary intakes.

Context: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are multigene family structurally and functionally related endoproteinases. The basic action of 23 types of MMPs collectively involves degradation of virtually every component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor cells migration and metastasis process. This review article aimed at surveying MMPs specific role in various steps and cellular pathways involving in breast carcinogenesis. Evidence Acquisition: This review article compromised published articles in PubMed and GoogleScholar according to keywords since 1988.Results: Based on the recent researches, certain MMPs play critical role in breast cancer initiation, invasion, and metastasis. They can be regarded as predictive biomarkers of primary diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and have predictive value for evaluation of disease, tumor recurrence, invading of tumor cells to other sites and therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this review article provide rational evidences for applying in human clinical trials toward MMPs in breast cancer therapies.

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