Accumulation of high concentrations of heavy metals in environments can cause many human health risks and serious ecological problems. Nowadays, bioremediation using microorganisms is receiving much attention due to their good performance. The aim of this work is to investigate heavy metals resistance and bioaccumulation potential of actinobacteria strains isolated from some abandoned mining areas. Analysis of mining residues revealed that high concentration of zinc “Zn” was recorded in Sidi Bouatman, Arbar, and Bir Nhass mining residues. The highest concentration of lead “Pb” was found in Sidi Bouatman. Copper “Cu,” cadmium “Cd,” and chromium “Cr” were found with moderate and low concentrations. The resistance of 59 isolated actinobacteria to the five heavy metals was also determined. Using molecular identification 16S rRNA, these 27 isolates were found to belong to Streptomyces and Amycolatopsis genera. The results showed different levels of heavy metal resistance; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) recorded was 0.55 for Pb, 0.15 for Cr, and 0.10 mg·mL−1 for both Zn and Cu. Chemical precipitation assay of heavy metals using hydrogen sulfide technic (H2S) revealed that only 27 isolates have a strong ability to accumulate Pb (up to 600 mg of Pb per g of biomass for Streptomyces sp. BN3).
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was identified at the end of December 2019 in China. Symptoms of COVID-19 can appear after an incubation phase of the virus of 2 to 14 days, the most common being fever, cough, and asthenia. Other specific symptoms may include shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, muscle pain, sore throat, chills, loss of smell or sensation, chest pain, headache, nausea, rash, diarrhea, and vomiting. The severity of these symptoms can be mild or even extreme causing serious damage to several organs, directly and indirectly, namely pulmonary, renal, hepatic, cardiac, digestive, neurological. Some people have only mild symptoms, while others are asymptomatic. Seniors or those at risk for certain chronic diseases, such as massive obesity, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, immune system abnormalities, and liver disease are more susceptible to COVID-19 and can develop more serious and fatal complications.
In view of the current situation regarding the COVID-19 disease, recently, published studies have proved the higher aerosol and surface stability of COVID-19. This virus, can survive long time on wastewater and aerosol. Therefore, its transmission via contaminated waste surfaces and airborne transmission through aerosols can occur besides close-distance contacts. This article discusses the potential presence of the COVID-19 pandemic on aerosol, wastewater and sewage sludge. This article highlights the need for health protection, which should be considered to curb the rapid spread of COVID-19. An eventual development of new specific techniques would be of great interest for controlling the environmental dissemination of these viruses in the current and eventual future outbreaks. Finally, levels of infectious virus in poor countries like Africa could be increase, due to lack of wastewater treatment. So, it is clear that to limit the transmission of COVID-19, a high disinfection methods and sustainable international collaborative work are required. Meanwhile, further research is important to develop new strategies to limit the transmission of COVID-19 and to avoid a serious second wave of the pandemic or even third waves of COVID-19 infections.
Coronavirus has infected more than three million people worldwide and it's widely believed to have originated in horseshoe bats and passed to humans through other species on sale in a wildlife market in Wuhan. First human transmission to dogs has been detected in Hong Kong; which they have caught the novel coronavirus from owners. Other reported cases of cats in Belgium tested positive with COVID-19. Researchers reveal that cats are not only susceptible to contracting coronavirus but can transmit it on other cats as well. Also, a tiger tested positive for COVID-19 after coming into contact with an asymptomatic caretaker. In this report, we provide all cases registered over the world prompting to take a closer look at the human to pet transmission of the virus and to keep measures to prevent exposure. Also, increased transmission of COVID-19 from human to animal can affect the global health security owing to its ability to rapidly spread due to movement of animals. So, we should reevaluate the probability that this outbreak might also be caused by infected pets' hosts. Particular attention must be also paid to the distribution and the evolution of the virus in animals to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since the first case of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) identified on 02 March 2020 in Morocco, the number of cases rapidly increased, resulting in 3046 cases including 143 deaths as of 20 April 2020. Morocco used every possibility (socio-economic and medical) to control and to limit the spread of COVID-19 and support the implementation of social distancing measures to quickly control the outbreak. The percentage of death was 4.7% as of 20 April 2020, and increases with older age. The median age of the deaths was 65 years. Moroccan government noted that 80% of the death had health problems, 15% of positive COVID-19 cases show no symptoms and only 11.5% of patients were recovered. This report examines the impact of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 in Morocco. The Moroccan government has considered being more effective in responding to the pandemic. Persistent efforts have been made to limit the transmission of COVID-19, and many strategies to protect people against COVID-19 is running well to keep the spread of coronavirus under control in comparison with other countries in Europe or Africa (especially North Africa). In this report, in contrast, the situation demonstrates the need of rapid and accurate detection and identification methods that can be used in hospitals bearing the burden of identifying and treating patients. Also, this paper demonstrate that the different measures adapted by Morocco can be a good example for other developing countries and used to fight COVID-19 before it reaches the poorest countries of the world.
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