This Review is focused on the growing interest brought to phosphorus-containing organic materials for applications in the biomedical field, mainly because of their properties such as biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and protein adsorption resistance. It mainly describes relevant works achieved on these materials for various applications: dentistry, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. Special attention was given to 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) monomer as the latter appeared of great importance because of its biomimetic structure due to the presence of the phospholipid group on its structure. As a result, much research effort is currently concentrated on the development of phosphorylcholine-containing (co)polymers that represent a promising class of materials.

Polyoxazolines (POx) are increasingly studied as polymeric building blocks due to the possibility of affording tunable properties. Additionally, as it was proved that biocompatibility and stealth behavior of POx are similar to that of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), it became challenging to develop polyoxazoline-based (co)polymers. Even if POx have a lot of advantages, they also show an important drawback as it is to date impossible to prepare high molecular weight polyoxazolines, with low polydispersity indexes. So, it appears important to judiciously functionalize them. This review covers the multiple ways of functionalization of polyoxazolines.The use of functional initiators, functional terminating agents, and 2-R-2-oxazolines with R functional side group is detailed. In conclusion, some perspectives on POxfunctionalizations are also reported, with functions permitting selective "click" reactions.