Twitter is a social media platform where over 500 million people worldwide publish their ideas and discuss diverse topics, including their health conditions and public health events. Twitter has proved to be an important source of health-related information on the Internet, given the amount of information that is shared by both citizens and official sources. Twitter provides researchers with a real-time source of public health information on a global scale, and can be very important in public health research. Classifying Twitter data into topics or categories is helpful to better understand how users react and communicate. A literature review is presented on the use of mining Twitter data or similar short-text datasets for public health applications. Each method is analyzed for ways to use Twitter data in public health surveillance. Papers in which Twitter content was classified according to users or tweets for better surveillance of public health were selected for review. Only papers published between 2010–2017 were considered. The reviewed publications are distinguished by the methods that were used to categorize the Twitter content in different ways. While comparing studies is difficult due to the number of different methods that have been used for applying Twitter and interpreting data, this state-of-the-art review demonstrates the vast potential of utilizing Twitter for public health surveillance purposes.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. According to the American Cancer Society, there were an estimated 222,500 new cases of lung cancer and 155,870 deaths from lung cancer in the United States in 2017. Accurate localization in lung interventions is one of the keys to reducing the death rate from lung cancer. In this study, a total of 217 publications from 2006 to 2017 about designs of medical devices for localization in lung interventions were screened, shortlisted, and categorized by localization principle and reviewed for functionality. Each study was analyzed for engineering characteristics and clinical significance. Research regarding interventional imaging equipment, navigation systems, and surgical devices was reviewed, and both research prototypes and commercial products were discussed. Finally, the future directions and existing challenges were summarized, including real-time intra-procedure guidance, accuracy of localization, clinical application, clinical adoptability, and clinical regulatory issues.