The etiology of IS in young adults has clear gender-specific patterns that change with age. A notable portion of these patients remains without an evident stroke mechanism according to TOAST criteria.
Non-ketotic hyperglycemia may be a cause of hemiballism-hemichorea. We present an elderly female type II diabetic patient with right-sided hemiballism-hemichorea of acute onset during hypoglycemia following insulin overtreatment of non-ketotic hyperglycemia. Brain computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed characteristic hyperdensity and T1 hyperintensity, respectively, in the left basal ganglia, in addition to pallido-dentate calcifications, suggestive of Fahr's syndrome. Although extremely rare, hypoglycemia may be a cause of hemiballism-hemichorea especially in the presence of predisposing factors such as previous hyperglycemic episodes and Fahr's syndrome.
Cardioembolism seems to be the cause of stroke in cases of β-thalassemia major. Thrombolysis can be applied in the setting of acute brain ischaemia in such high risk patients.
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