Carbamazepine (CBZ) and diatrizoate (DTZ) are from the group of pharmaceutical and personal care products known to be persistent and non-biodegradable in wastewater treatment. Adsorptive removal of CBZ and DTZ using superparamagnetic iron oxide (magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs), along with those coated with either methacrylic acid (MAA), Al (OH) 3 , or SiO 2 were evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyzes revealed that the NPs were about 10 nm in diameter. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of carboxyl group on MAA-coated NPs, and hydroxyl group on alumina-and silica-coated NPs. Results suggest that the major fraction of the drugs is adsorbed by the NPs in about 6-8 h. Maximum DTZ adsorption capacities (based on Freundlich isotherm) of MAA-, Al(OH) 3 -, and SiO 2 -coated NPs (112.46, 82.20, and 90.48 mg/g, respectively) were much higher than that of the uncoated NPs (66.17 mg/g). Based on batch adsorption studies, an optimal adsorption condition was proposed, i.e. CBZ and DTZ concentration of 100 μg/L, 0.05 g of NPs, adjusted pH of 8, and exposure time of 7 h. At this condition, the maximum adsorption of CBZ was about 32.7, 47.3, 51.1, and 50.2% with uncoated, MAA-coated, Al(OH) 3 -coated, and SiO 2 -coated NPs, respectively. The equivalent removal for DTZ by the NPs was at 44.3, 52.8, 60.6, and 38.1%, respectively. Further desorption studies revealed that about 85.56 and 78.00% of adsorbed CBZ and DTZ can be readily released from Al(OH) 3 -and MAA-coated NPs, respectively.

Phenol adsorption from aqueous solution was carried out using uncoated and methyl acrylic acid (MAA)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), having size \10 nm, as adsorbents. Batch adsorption studies revealed that the phenol removal efficiency of MAAcoated NPs (950 mg g -1 ) is significantly higher than that of uncoated NPs (550 mg g -1 ) under neutral to acidic conditions. However, this improvement disappears above pH 9. The adsorption data under optimized conditions (pH 7) were modeled with pseudo-first-and pseudo-second-order kinetics and subjected to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The analysis determined that pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich model are appropriate for both uncoated and MAA-coated NPs (all R 2 [ 0.98). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of pristine and phenoladsorbed NPs revealed core-level binding energy and charge for Fe(2s) and O(1s) on the NP surfaces. The calculations suggest that phenol adsorption onto MAAcoated NPs is a charge transfer process, where the adsorbate (phenol) acts as an electron donor and the NP surface (Fe, O) as an electron acceptor. However, a physisorption process appears to be the relevant mechanism for uncoated NPs.

Recently, environmental problems due to livestock odor have emerged in Korea, and technologies to solve these problems are being developed. This study developed a livestock odor monitoring system using ICT technology and an ammonia sensor. This system consists of a sensor, communication equipment, server, database management system (DBMS), and user operating program. The requirements for each component were presented and applied to the system. The livestock odor monitoring system is divided into Livestock Odor Management System (LOMS) and Livestock Odor Control System (LOCS). LOMS comprises a sensor that can measure ammonia in livestock farms or treatment facilities and communication equipment that transmits and receives data. LOCS consists of a server that can receive data and a program to check real-time data. This system will be used for trend analysis using livestock odor data and to plan to reduce livestock odor in the future.

Abstract:The sorption-desorption of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals in sand/soil columns can be used to infer performance of managed aquifer recharge. Removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diatrizoate (DTZ) from synthetic wastewater, containing 100 µg·L −1 of each pharmaceuticals, was studied in recirculating sand columns amended with uncoated or methacrylic acid (MAA) coated magnetite nanoparticles. Removal of CBZ and DTZ in MAA-magnetite column (68.34% and 61.91%, respectively) was much higher than that with uncoated magnetite (53.47% and 50.26%, respectively). Rapid decrease of dissolved organic carbon concentrations across nanoparticle amended columns (between 42.28% and 50.08% on Day 1), followed by slow recuperation suggests adsorption-desorption dynamics and competition of dissolved organic matter for sorption sites. Core-level binding energy and charge analysis for Fe(2s) and O(1s) in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests involvement of physisorption process on the NP surfaces.