Catalytic epoxidation of olefins with H2O2 and t-BuOOH has been studied in the presence of a water-soluble iron(III) porphyrin complex, (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphinato)iron(III) [Fe(TDCPPS)], in buffered aqueous solutions. Epoxides are the predominant products at low pH values, and the formation of the oxide products is found to depend on the pH of the reaction solutions. A high-valent iron(IV) oxo porphyrin cation radical complex is proposed as a reactive intermediate responsible for the olefin epoxidation.
BackgroundSince the worldwide incidence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) has rapidly increased, healthy behaviors such as weight control, engaging in physical activity, and healthy diet have been crucial in the management of Mets. The purpose of this study was to examine healthy behaviors practice and factors that affect the practice in relation to Mets on the basis of a modified Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model (IMB) with psychological distress, which is a well-known factor affecting healthy behaviors among individuals with Mets.MethodsStudy participants were 267 community dwelling adults (M age: 54.0 ± 8.1 years) with Mets who were attending public health centers located in Seoul, South Korea. A structured questionnaire was administered in the areas of information, motivation, behavioral skills, and practice of Mets healthy behaviors and levels of psychological distress from May 2014 to September 2014. Structural equation modeling was used to test the modified IMB model.ResultsThe modified IMB model had a good fit with the data, indicating that motivation and behavioral skills directly influenced the practice of Mets healthy behaviors, whereas information and psychological distress directly influenced motivation and influenced the practice of healthy behaviors through behavioral skills. These components of the modified IMB model explained 29.8 % of the variance in healthy behaviors for Mets.ConclusionFindings suggested that strengthening motivation and behavioral skills for healthy behaviors can directly enhance healthy behavior practice. Providing information about Mets related healthy behaviors and strategies for psychological distress management can be used as the first line evidence based intervention to systemically enhance motivation and behavioral skills among individuals with Mets.
This study investigated the prevailing rate of depression in female marriage immigrants in Korea and the predictive factors of their rates of depression. The study included 316 foreign female marriage immigrant participants. Four instruments yielded the data: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and questionnaires regarding the participants' Korean language ability and demographic data. The survey scales were translated into Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, and English. The data collection was conducted by a face-to-face interview and translators were used when needed. The female marriage immigrants were found to have higher depression rates than women in the general Korean population. The predictive factors of depression for the female marriage immigrants included their country of origin, Korean speaking ability, and family support. Far more depression was found to occur in the Chinese participants, while the rate of depression was lower in those with competent Korean speaking ability and family support. An exploration of strategies to improve the speaking ability and family support of female marriage immigrants will be necessary in order to decrease their incidence of depression and the strategies should be differentiated based on the female marriage immigrants' country of origin.
The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between lifestyle factors and blood pressure (BP) control among patients with hypertension who were regularly taking antihypertensive medication as prescribed. From the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, the 690 individuals diagnosed with hypertension who were regularly taking antihypertensive medication were identified. Slightly more than half of the patients (54.3%) had their BP under control. Younger patients, those having one or more comorbidities and those performing physical activity at least 4 days a week were more likely to have their BP under control, while overweight patients, heavy alcohol drinkers, and those with mild to very severe stress had lower rates of BP control. The study results suggested that to reduce uncontrolled BP, public health efforts should target old and overweight patients and those with unhealthy lifestyles including heavy alcohol drinking, stress, and lack of physical activity.
The purpose of this study was to compare the perceptions of elderly patients and their caregivers toward life-sustaining treatment (LST). This study was a descriptive investigation using a structured questionnaire administered to ninety elderly patients and their main caregivers. The data were collected from three general hospitals in Seoul and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. The significant differences between the perceptions of the elderly patients and those of their caregivers are as follows: the experience of having heard of LST (χ2=3.90, p=.048), the time required to determine the need for an LST (χ2=13.49, p=.010), the main reason for the need for LST (χ2=12.18, p=.014), opinions on hospice palliative care (χ2=9.45, p=.002), the appropriate person to act as a patient’s surrogate (χ2=6.77, p=.034), and the requirements for acting as a surrogate (χ2=21.61, p<.001). Study findings indicate that both groups have a high level of interest in self-determination and Korean society is following the standard of substituted judgement, which presumes the opinion of the patient from a surrogate’s point of view. Therefore, developing guidelines for LST decision-making that takes into account the cultural features of South Korea could contribute to LST decision-making that respects the patients’ self-determination.
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