Hearing the child's voice in addition to the parents' is important in determining the HRQOL of children with a chronic condition. Findings contribute to understanding of CD in the context of participation and well-being and can lead to development of occupational performance-based assessments and interventions for children with CD.
The focus groups revealed a wide scope of coping issues that contribute to a deeper understanding of specific CD characteristics including daily management, participation in food-related activities, roles, strategies, and supporting or hindering factors in everyday life with CD.
Background
Administering an abbreviated global cognitive test, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), is necessary for the recommended first‐level diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Level II requires administering cognitive functioning neuropsychological tests. The MoCA's suitability for identifying PD‐MCI is questionable and, despite the importance of cognitive deficits reflected through daily functioning in identifying PD‐MCI, knowledge about it is scarce.
Objectives
To explore neuropsychological test scores of patients with PD who were categorized based on their MoCA scores and to analyze correlations between this categorization and patients’ self‐reports about daily functional‐related cognitive abilities.
Methods
A total of 78 patients aged 42 to 78 years participated: 46 with low MoCA scores (22–25) and 32 with high MoCA scores (26–30). Medical assessments and level II neuropsychological assessment tools were administered along with standardized self‐report questionnaires about daily functioning that reflects patients’ cognitive abilities.
Results
A high percentage of the low MoCA group obtained neuropsychological test scores within the normal range; a notable number in the high MoCA group were identified with MCI‐level scores on various neuropsychological tests. Suspected PD‐MCI according to the level I criteria did not correspond well with the level II criteria. Positive correlations were found among the 3 self‐report questionnaires.
Conclusions
These results support the ongoing discussion of the complexity of capturing PD‐MCI. Considering the neuropsychological tests results, assessments that reflect cognitive encounters in real life daily confrontations are warranted among people diagnosed with PD who are at risk for cognitive decline.
Adherence to a restrictive gluten-free diet is the only known treatment for celiac disease (CD). Children and adolescents with CD encounter challenges while managing the diet in daily activities. Understanding their participation characteristics is lacking. The aim was to describe the development and validation process of the Celiac Disease-Children’s Activities Report (CD-Chart). The final CD-Chart includes nine food-related activities that are measured by six core dimensions: frequency, preference, preparation, involvement, help, and self-determination. Participants were 126 children (8–11 years) and adolescents (12–18 years) with CD, and 30 healthy matched controls. Factor analysis was performed and psychometric properties were measured. Content and face validity was established and the CD-Chart showed adequate internal consistency as measured by the preference dimension (α = 0.81). Factor analysis revealed two distinct factors, social environment and close family environment. Construct validity demonstrated that the group with CD required significantly more pre-preparation for food-related activities than controls, (t(38) = 76.25, p < 0.001) and further differences as well as similarities were found between groups. Primary results indicate that the CD-Chart may serve as a practical tool for acquiring information about participation characteristics in food-related activities, strengths and challenges of children and adolescents with CD, to promote self-management, diet adherence, and well-being.
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