The study aims to investigate factors that affect passengers’ choice of walking to rail transit and to develop a method of assessing walking conditions in the vicinity of mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in Singapore. The focus is on the analysis of surveys conducted around 11 MRT stations and the development of the concept of equivalent walking distance. Besides interview surveys with passengers at the stations, assessments of more than 200 walking routes were carried out in the field to investigate the actual walking distances and conditions, such as walkway quality, steps, slopes, presence of barriers, and delays at road crossings. About 60% of MRT passengers walked to the stations, and the average walking distance was 608 m. Men were more likely to walk than women. A submodal split model was estimated to investigate factors affecting passengers’ choice of walking or taking a feeder service to access an MRT station. Besides the actual distance, factors that significantly affected the access mode choice were number of road crossings, traffic conflicts, and number of ascending steps. The equivalent walking distance equation is proposed on the basis of the model coefficients; the equation reflects the relative effect of these factors on the generalized walking effort. Because equivalent walking distance represents the extra effort required to overcome obstacles, it can be used as an indicator of the quality of pedestrian facilities. Among the five walkway networks analyzed, the average equivalent walking distance was between 20% and 39% longer than the actual distance.
Indonesia is one of the prone countries to natural disasters. The road is one of the infrastructures affected by the disaster. Natural disasters that contribute to road damages are earthquakes, landslides, and floods. One of the factors affecting disaster risk is a vulnerability. The higher the vulnerability, the possibility of damage and loss will be higher. Vulnerability indicators for roads will be assessed in this study. The Earthquake Disaster Risk Index is adopted in this study. The physical and economic vulnerability are the factor components that identified in this study. Indicators are selected by valid, reliable, data availability, objective, quantified, and directly influence the risk. The indicators are analyzed using Analysis Hierarchy Process in order to get the weight. There are 9 (nine) indicators selected as part of physical vulnerability.
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