This study aimed to assess current and retrospective levels of reported and desired paternal involvement experienced by young adult daughters, as well as current and retrospective levels of paternal nurturance. A sample of 89, female, third year South African Psychology students completed self-administered questionnaires, consisting of a biographical questionnaire, four Father Involvement Scales and two Nurturant Father Scales. Daughters reported their fathers as having been involved and nurturing while growing up. Although they indicated that they perceived fathers as somewhat less involved in young adulthood; they reported being satisfied with the level of father involvement. Daughters also reported high current paternal nurturance. The findings therefore indicate that a group of middle to upper middle-class South African daughters perceived their fathers as relatively involved in their lives and suggest that their fathers' involvement extends beyond traditional father roles.Keywords: father involvement, nurturance, young adult daughters, South Africa Interpersona, 2014, Vol. 8(2), 128-143, doi:10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.145 Received: 2013-09-30. Accepted: 2014-08-20. Published (VoR): 2014 *Corresponding author at: Psychology Department, Stellenbosch University, PB X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa. E-mail: swessels22@gmail.com This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Young Adult Daughters' Perceptions of Paternal Involvement and NurturanceAlthough father involvement in intact families is on the increase, fathers are consistently less involved with children than mothers, even when both parents work fulltime. This pattern of involvement can be observed throughout the lifespan of the child (Cabrera, Tamis-LeMonda, Bradley, Hofferth, & Lamb, 2000;Gorvine, 2010;Phares, Fields, & Kamboukos, 2009) with researchers like Finley, Mira, and Schwartz (2008), finding that fathers are less involved than mothers in the lives of their young adult children. Furthermore, research indicates that father involvement declines after divorce (Agar, Cioe, & Gorzalka, 2010;Amato, 1994;Harris, Furstenberg, & Marmer, 1998;Schwartz & Finley, 2005;van Schaick & Stolberg, 2001), and that young adults from divorced families report a greater desire for father involvement than young adults from intact families (Finley & Schwartz, 2007).Research shows that father involvement is important in the lives of young adult daughters Schwartz et al., 2009;van Schaick & Stolberg, 2001) as it is associated with specific health outcomes like higher levels of self-esteem and sex refusal behaviours (Katz & Van der Kloet, 2010). Father involvement is also linked to positive relationship outcomes in young adulthood, including better functioning in intimate relationships, Interpersona | An International Journal on Personal Relat...
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In this study, the effect of mechanical vibration, on the gaseous exchange and lung functions of patients with acute lung injury was evaluated. The use of combinations of techniques in previous studies and, the failure to contribute success or failure to any one treatment modality, was the main motivation for this study.A study was done in which the experimental group received mechanical vibration and the control group only routine respiratory care, for two treatment sessions. Before, and at various time intervals, after the first and second treatment, blood gases and lung functions were recorded. Chest X-rays (CxR) were taken within 12 hours before the first and within 24 hours after the second treatment. For the ventilation studies, the total group was divided randomly in two groups – in one, ventilation studies were carried out before and after the first treatment and in the other, the studies were carried out before the first and after the second treatment.There was s significant deterioration in PaO2 two hours after the second treatment, and in PaO2 and SaO2 when the values two hours after the second treatment were compared to the values before the first treatment. The CxR of only two of the patients in the experimental group showed improvement and the others showed either no change or deterioration.The forced vital capacity (FVC) showed a significant improvement after the first treatment, but no change after the second treatment. The same was seen in the ventilation studies.
Alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology in which the alveoli are filled with lipid-proteinaceous material. The diagnosis is usually made on an open lung biopsy. The main symptoms are chest pain, tiredness, persistent pyrexia and a productive cough with purulent, bloodstained sputum. Exertion dyspnoea, however, is regarded as the most important symptom. Chest X-rays demonstrate a picture similar to severe pulmonary oedema. The lung functions and the blood gases are indicators of the severity of the disease and there Is usually a reduction in the vital capacity, Sa02 and Pa02.A case study of a patient with this diagnosis treated at Tygerberg Hospital is reported. He was admitted complaining of the above mentioned symptoms, his lung functions and blood gases were extremely poor and the chest X-rays showed bilateral diffuse opacifications. He had to be ventilated with high percentages of oxygen and a high PEEP to maintain an adequate Sa02 and Pa02. The infection was treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids. Because of the presence of a tremendous amount of bronchial secretions, chest physiotherapy was very important. General techniques used were bagging, percussion and shaking in alternative side-lying and were combined with Mistabron: Saline inhalations to help dissolve the proteinaceous material in the alveoli. Over a period of 8 weeks he recovered remarkably, but two months after admission his condition unexpectedly deteriorated and he died three days later.
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