Water is essential for life. Its quality directly effects plants, animals and humans. Contaminated water can not only be a cause of several diseases in humans but also can affect the growth and quality of plants. Drinking water of Lasbela university of Agriculture, water and marine sciences (LUAWMS) and Uthal city was tested for its total hardness and total chloride/bromide concentration. Mohr’s method was used to determine the concentration of chloride and total hardness was measured in terms of Mg/Ca concentration using volumetric analysis. A total of five samples were collected. Three samples were taken from LUAWMS and two samples were taken from Uthal city. Samples taken from LUAWMS had higher amounts of chloride and Mg than the ones taken from Uthal city. The concentrations of total chloride/bromide in samples were 0.71, 0.3, 2.13, 1.77 and 2.13 g/L respectively and total hardness in samples were 4.86, 4.86, 9.72,11.42 g/L.
The quantification of a plant, which is vital in medication bearing antioxidant activity of the North West area of the province Balochistan Ebenus Stellata family Fabaceae is explained in this paper. The plant composition was determined chemically through well-known four analytical tests and sensitive EMR operating techniques. The crude extract was obtained from the plant by using methanol, and the antioxidant activity of that extract was measured. Additionally, with the help of spectrophotometer, antioxidant potentials were determined through the DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) assay, Ferric ion (Fe+3) reducing antioxidant power assay, Ferric (Fe+3) reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the phosphomolybdenum assay. The potency of the DPPH assay ofEbenus Stellatawas 179 mg/g ofascorbic acid concentration. Moreover, the FRAP and TAC values were 9.2mg and 35 mg of ascorbic acid/g ofEbenus stellate extract, respectively. Furthermore, RP denotes 2.6 mg/g of ascorbic acid concentration. The concerned plant showed high antioxidant activity.
Heavy metals are an important class of compounds that is increasing in environment due to the anthropogenic activities. They are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Many of them enter the water through industrial waste and effect the aquatic life. Fishes, for example, are an important source of food and they get effected by heavy metals when they ingest the infected sediments, mud and water. Heavy metals enter the food chain when infected fishes are consumed and effect humans as well. We highlight the recent (10-15 years) published work on measuring the levels of heavy metal in Mugilcephalus (Flathead mullet) fish. Out of all the methods compared and discussed in this paper, Atomic absorption spectroscopy was found to be the most preferred method and most commonly used by researchers because of its ease and cost. The most commonly used unit for metal detection in muscles was g/g (dry weight).The results also summarize advantages and drawbacks of methods used to digest muscles of the said species and heavy metal measurement. In selected studies, the levels of metals were also compared with the safe limits set by WHO, FAO and USEPA. This gives a lot of information about the edible fitness of the M.cephalus.
Heavy metals are an important class of compounds that is increasing in environment due to the anthropogenic activities. They are extremely toxic to human beings and animals. Many of them enter the water through industrial waste and effect the aquatic life. Fishes, for example, are an important source of food and they get effected by heavy metals when they ingest the infected sediments, mud and water. Heavy metals enter the food chain when infected fishes are consumed and effect humans as well. We highlight the recent (10-15 years) published work on measuring the levels of heavy metal in Mugilcephalus (Flathead mullet) fish. Out of all the methods compared and discussed in this paper, Atomic absorption spectroscopy was found to be the most preferred method and most commonly used by researchers because of its ease and cost. The most commonly used unit for metal detection in muscles was g/g (dry weight).The results also summarize advantages and drawbacks of methods used to digest muscles of the said species and heavy metal measurement. In selected studies, the levels of metals were also compared with the safe limits set by WHO, FAO and USEPA. This gives a lot of information about the edible fitness of the M.cephalus.
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