Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la discussion du transfert de connaissances entre l'Occident et l'Amérique latine, le Mexique en particulier. Nous essayerons de montrer les enjeux internationaux et locaux qui ont encouragé l'importation de la théorie des germes au Mexique pendant les années 1880. Par ailleurs, on montrera quelles ont été les difficultés conceptuelles et matérielles pour incorporer la théorie des germes et les techniques bactériologiques encore en train de se bâtir en Europe. Au moyen de deux exemples, on essayera de mettre en évidence les intentions politiques des médecins mexicains, à l'origine de l'étude des maladies infectieuses au Mexique.
Presentation W hile the history of science is not a new discipline in Latin American studies, it has become increasingly specialized over the last thirty years, building up its own set of investigative tools. There has been a corresponding rise in the number of Latin American and Latin Americanist science historians, who are gradually building up a picture of the specific ways knowledge has been exchanged, transmitted and developed amongst American nations. One fruit of this is that in 2005, the history of Latin America was included for the first time as an independent symposium at the Congress of the Associação de Historiadores Latinoamericanistas Europeus (AHILA). Likewise, in 2006, special attention was given to the history of science at the International Congress of Americanists (ICA). The articles in this issue are a compilation of the papers presented at these conferences, and cover the different fields of interest and viewpoints being discussed today in the history of science in Latin America. The authors include historians, psychologists, sociologists, chemists and biologists who have made the history of science their particular field of interest. The articles explore the different means and routes by which scientific knowledge was transmitted and exchanged between Europe and Latin America in the nineteenth century (Ismael Ledesma, Sonia Lozano, Natalia Priego and J. Manuel González) and between American nations in the twentieth century (Yajaira Freites, J. José Martin-Frechilla and Elena Quiñones, Maria Peñaranda, Elena García). One common denominator found in all the texts is the fact that they show us once again that the reception, "acclimatization" and communication of science in Latin America is a dynamic process where political, scientific and social factors interact like the currents of a river carving out its bed. Meanwhile, there is also a multidirectional exchange and contact between Latin American nations. Above all, these interchanges are a rich source of ideological, social, economic and political data for the history of Latin America in all its facets. Amongst the studies that discuss the introduction of biology to nineteenth century Mexico, Ismael Ledesma-Mateos highlights the problems involved in the introduction PRESENTATION Seven studies into the transmission of science and scientific legacy between Europe and Latin America (1850-1940
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