Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the functioning of the hormonal system. They are environmentally distributed as synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, and several food additives that are part of the food chain. They can be considered as obesogenic compounds since they have the capacity to influence cellular events related to adipose tissue, altering lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes. This review will present the latest scientific evidence of different EDs such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, “nonpersistent” phenolic compounds, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and smoke-derived compounds (benzo -alpha-pyrene) and their influence on the differentiation processes towards adipocytes in both in vitro and in vivo models.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of coronavirus SARS-Cov2 (COVID-19) confinement measures in Colombia on the dietary behaviors of a large population sample, at national and regional levels. A survey was conducted to assess dietary behaviors during the COVID-19 confinement. The survey involved 2,745 participants, aged 18 years or older, from six regions of the country (Atlántica, Bogotá, Central, Oriental, Orinoquía and Amazonía, and Pacífica). Dietary intake of foods and foods groups in grams per day before and during the confinement was estimated by considering standard serving sizes of foods. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences between the regions with regard to dietary behavior changes during the confinement. Differences were deemed significant at p-value < 0.05. Dietary patterns (DPs) before and during the confinement were derived from principal component analysis. Certain dietary habits were adopted by the study population during the confinement (e.g., higher frequency of snacking and home cooking), with significant differences by regions with regard to these habits, as well as regarding culinary processes. The levels of consumption of several foods also changed during the confinement, nationally and regionally. We identified three DPs before the confinement (protein-rich, carbohydrate-rich, and sugar foods patterns) and four DPs during the confinement (westernized, carbohydrate-rich, protein-rich, fish and fruits-vegetable patterns), with an explained total variance of 33 and 45%, respectively. The profile of these DPs varied to some extent between the regions; their adherence to each DP also varied (p-value < 0.001). Our results show that there were marked differences by regions in the dietary behaviors of this population during the confinement, with an overall trend toward unhealthier DPs. These results may help to shape public health nutrition interventions in Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic and in a post-COVID stage.
<p class="MsoCommentText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional propende por la garantía de alimentos de calidad para todos. La carencia de inocuidad puede ser la causa de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos que afectan no sólo la calidad de vida sino el estado nutricional de los consumidores. El estudio de los factores medioambientales que determinan la inocuidad de las hortalizas que se cultivan y se consumen en el municipio de Tenjo, Cundinamarca, se constituye en el objeto del presente trabajo.</span></p> <p class="MsoCommentText" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">El trabajo se desarrolló en tres fases: inicialmente se efectuó una revisión, análisis y búsqueda documental sistemática en bases de datos y fuentes documentales impresas; seguidamente se realizó el trabajo de campo dividido en dos tipos de actividades: visitas a cultivos tradicionales y orgánicos de hortalizas en el municipio para poder establecer diferencias entre ellos, y encuestas a los consumidores de las mismas en Tenjo y Bogotá para establecer patrones de compra y consumo de éstos alimentos. Por último, se realizó el análisis de los datos obtenidos y se identificaron los peligros y puntos críticos de control para proponer los correctivos necesarios.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: ";Arial";,";sans-serif";; mso-ansi-language: ES;" lang="ES">Se encontró que los principales factores medioambientes que determinan las condiciones de inocuidad de las hortalizas de Tenjo son el agua que se utiliza en el riego, las sustancias que se emplean para fertilizar el suelo y controlar las plagas, los empaques o embalajes para la distribución y venta del producto y finalmente, la manipulación de las hortalizas por parte de los consumidores. </span></p>
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