This paper analyzes the multiple affiliations of the members of 72 criminal groups investigated in Spain between 1999 and 2010. This objective has been accomplished by studying overlapping members of a sample of 2,384 subjects involved in criminal organizations. Identifying multiple affiliation subjects is supplemented by studying their profile: their function and activity in the group, their hierarchical position, their illicit activities, their conduct and their socio-demographic characteristics. The results, based on police investigations, show that a small percentage of subjects perform overlapping functions in more than one organization which includes three types of subjects: a professional profile which expertise is sought by several organizations, a criminal profile that completely lives off and for criminal activity and performs low-skilled functions in the organizations, and family facilitators that offer essential collaboration in the main tasks of organizations.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar, desde la perspectiva del análisis de redes sociales, la estructura, las personas más relevantes y las posiciones jerárquicas de los miembros de cuatro grupos involucrados en el tráfico de cocaína de nivel medio (mayoristas). Con este fin, se ha recabado información de los archivos policiales sobre cuatro operaciones criminales, a través de un cuestionario de 76 variables, divididas en cuatro áreas principales: las características de la organización, el mercado ilícito, actividades instrumentales o transversales y el perfil de los miembros del grupo. También se ha recogido información sobre contactos telefónicos y reuniones registradas en la investigación policial, con el fin de analizar la organización desde la perspectiva del análisis de redes sociales. Las cuatro redes han sido examinadas teniendo en cuenta tres aspectos: la estructura, los actores centrales e intermediarios y sus posiciones jerárquicas. Los resultados muestran diferencias con los enfoques tradicionales jerárquicos y avanzan posibles aplicaciones para la investigación y la inteligencia criminal.
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