With the development of the vehicular ad hoc network, the security and privacy are now becoming vital concerns, especially when the attacker owns more and more resources. In order to address these concerns, a dynamic anonymous identity authentication scheme is proposed using Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem and blockchain method, which guarantees the security and fast off-line authentication for vehicle-to-infrastructure. Specifically, a dynamic pseudonym key is generated using tamper proof device (TPD) for off-line authentication and anonymity when a vehicle roams among different roadside units' (RSUs) communication ranges. Even if all RSUs are compromised, vehicle's identity is still privacy. Moreover, two additional design goals are more suitable for the practical environment: (1) the reduced assumption of TPD;(2) certification authority can trace vehicle under the authorization by law. KEYWORDSblockchain, dynamic anonymous authentication, ECDLP, VANET | INTRODUCTIONWith the development of the transportation industry, unmanned technology has received more and more attention from the academic and technical field; however, sometimes its safety is questioned. In particular, on 22 March 2018, a serious accident occurred that Uber's self-driving car crashing into a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona. Especially, the most common accidents are due to that the in-vehicle sensors are not able to perfectly identify pedestrians, vehicles, and static obstacles and the low range of vehicle sensors cannot give the vehicle enough reaction time. For example, in May 2016, the Model S hits the truck that was turning in the auto-driving state. Because the truck body was reflective, the camera did not recognize the opposite truck. With the development of wireless technologies and the intelligent transportation systems, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is being gradually applied to the unmanned vehicle, the vehicle enters VANET as a single node to share data such as weather, traffic conditions, driving trajectory, etc. VANET shares the information for all vehicles, which can greatly reduce the traffic accidents caused by a sensor failure; therefore, VANET is a feasible solution to improve the road safety and reduce traffic accidents of the urban traffic.Vehicular ad hoc network mainly consists of certification authority (CA), roadside units (RSUs), and vehicles. CA is mainly responsible for the entire system. RSUs are placed on the roadside, broadcast the service information from CA to vehicles within the communication area, and accept the requesting messages or traffic condition from vehicles. Usually, the communication in VANET can be divided into two types: vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), which are built according the basic standard, such as dedicated short range communication. Since these communications are over open channel, the security requirements play an important role. 1-3
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