A simple and efficient synthetic approach is reported for the synthesis of highly functionalized 4‐amino‐iminocoumarins 4 and 4‐aminoquinolines 6 in moderate to excellent yields, through a copper‐catalyzed multicomponent reaction. The reaction is carried out in a one‐pot manner, using readily available terminal alkynes 1, sulfonyl azides 2, and 2‐hydroxybenzonitriles 3 or 2‐aminobenzonitrile (5) as substrates at a slightly elevated temperature under N2. The protocol is operationally simple and has a good substrate scope. The overall process involves a nucleophilic addition to a ketenimine, and isomerization of the intermediate.
A facile, one‐step, direct functionalization of the C1 and N positions of tetrahydroisoquinolines was developed. Unprotected tetrahydroisoquinolines, indoles, and benzaldehydes could be used as starting materials. The different substituted indoles and benzaldehydes were investigated in detail and the scope proved to be broad.
Flesh fingered citron (FFC) essential oil (EO) is susceptible to volatilisation at room temperature. Therefore, its use as a nematicide requires a controlled release. In the present study, we encapsulated FFC EO in β-cyclodextrin by embedding and investigated release from the capsules compared to unembedded EO. We evaluated the structural and thermal properties of the capsules by SEM and TGA. The loading capacity was 32.67%, and the embedding yield was 96.24%, assuming that a core-to-wall quality ratio of 1 : 6 is optimal for the carrier. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, we explored the toxicity of (1) FFC EO microcapsules (MCs) and (2) four key compounds of the EOs. The MCs enabled sustained release, e.g., 77% mortality after 4 h and 100% within an additional half-hour. The four main compounds in EO can each kill nematodes by reducing antioxidant activity. Since microencapsulation can improve FFC EO stability and prevent product loss due to adverse environments exposed to the air, encapsulating FFC EO in MCs has great potential as a new nematicide.
Af acile approacht oarare class of 3,3-disubstituted 2-iminoimidazo[1,2-a]-pyridines bearing ah ydroxyl group at the 3p ositioni ng ood to excellenty ields from N-(2-pyridyl)amidines substrates in the presence of CuI/I 2 /KI/KOtBu is described.A ccording to the investigation, the use of aC u catalyst and the presence of sulfonyl groups in the substrates hasaremarkable influence on the successo ft he oxi-dative cyclization reaction. Moreover,t he oxygen source of the hydroxyl group may be from the incorporation of water in the reaction system or KOtBu. The successful implementation of the reactionf urther indicates that amidines have abundant reactivity under variousr eactionc onditions. The methodology is operationally simple and has ab road substrate scope.Scheme1.Previouswork on the oxidative cyclization of N-(2-pyridyl)amidinesa nd this work.[a] Prof.
Unsubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (I) is treated with various benzaldehydes or cyclohexanealdehyde and indoles under conditions A) which include an optimized catalytic system consisting of 3 components.
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