Textile and dye effluents have strong color, unstable pH and COD, a lot of inorganic salt, and high biotoxicity. It is difficult and inefficient to remove dyes from high‐saline wastewater by traditional methods. In this study, a simple synthetic CuO/CeO2 photocatalyst is used to achieve high efficiency photodegradation of methylene blue in high salt wastewater. The p‐type CuO/n‐type CeO2 heterojunction photocatalyst is synthesized by a modified hydrothermal‐calcination method. The XRD and XPS reveal the successful synthesis of CuO/CeO2 composite. The SEM and TEM images show that the sample consists of large amounts of well‐dispersed CuO nanosphere loading on the CeO2 layers. DRS exhibits the absorption band (about 510 nm) and the band gap energy (2.43 eV) of the CuO/CeO2 composite. Compared with pure CuO, CeO2, and TiO2 (P25), the prepared CuO/CeO2 can increase the mineralization rate of MB by 18.19%~33.74%. More than 80% of MB can be effectively removed in the wastewater containing 5~80 g/L NaCl with a wide pH value range of 2.11~9.02, and the degradation processes follow the pseudofirst‐order reaction kinetics. Active species trapping experiments confirm that the degradation of methylene blue is mainly attributed to hydroxyl radical; besides, O2▪− and hole (h+) also play important roles. Chlorine ions have dual effects in photocatalytic reactions. This work could provide a new approach to construct new heterojunction photocatalysts and a deeper insight for the treatment of hypersaline dye wastewater.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary tumor in the human central nervous system. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism by which microRNA (miR)-181a-5p targets the F-box protein 11 (FBXO11) in glioma cells to inhibit cell proliferation and invasion. Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-181a-5p in U251TR cells, U251 cells, primary GBM tissues and relapsed GBM tissues in order to determine the association between miR-181a-5p and the chemoresistance of GBM cells. The expression levels of miR-181a-5p in GBM cells were modulated via transfecting miR-181a-5p mimics and inhibitors. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were undertaken to assess the effects of miR-181a-5p on drug sensitivity and proliferation of GBM cells. Wound healing assays were performed to examine the effects of miR-181a-5p on the migratory ability of GBM cells. Furthermore, the effects of miR-181a-5p on the invasive ability of GBM cells were analyzed using an in vitro invasion assay. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to determine whether overexpression of miR-181a-5p can promote the apoptotic rate of GBM cells. RT-qPCR and western blotting were employed to detect the effects of miR-181a-5p on mRNA and protein expression of FBX011. miR-181a-5p exhibited low expression in resistant GBM cell lines and recurrent tumor tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were utilized to detect luciferase activity to verify the targeted regulatory association between miR-181a-5p and FBXO11. Upregulation of miR-181a-5p promoted the sensitivity of GBM cells to temozolomide (TMZ), increased the apoptotic rate of GBM cells and significantly inhibited the invasive and migratory capacities of GBM cells. In drug-resistant glioma cells, compared with the miR-negative control group and the blank group, the expression of miR-181a-5p was significantly upregulated (P<0.01), while the expression of FBXO11 protein was downregulated. miR-181a-5p increased the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ. miR-181a-5p significantly inhibited the migratory and invasive capacities of GBM cells. miR-181a-5p may become a novel effective target for the treatment of GBM. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-181a-5p could target the 3'-untranslated region of FBXO11. The underlying mechanism may be targeted inhibition of FBXO11 gene expression, or may be associated with apoptosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.