Summary
Bioactive peptides are the general name for the short amino acid sequences, which could be generated from the hydrolysis of parent proteins including beef, pork, mutton, chicken, duck and various species of marine organisms. Drying, curing, ripening and fermentation are particular procedures for meat flavour and also important for the releasing of bioactive peptides from parent proteins. Once being released, the peptides would play bioactive roles beyond their nutritional values. The physiological activities of meat‐derived peptides have been demonstrated to have antioxidative, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, opioid, antithrombotic and other bioactive effects. The regulation on immunological, gastrointestinal and neurological responses of those bioactive peptides supplies a vital base for the prevention of hypertension, obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarised the current studies on meat derived bioactive peptides along with their physiological functions to supply the overall understanding of the health benefit of bioactive peptides.
In this study, we investigated the antihypertensive effects in vitro and in vivo of novel angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) peptides purified and identified from bovine
bone gelatin hydrolysate (BGH). Thirteen ACEI peptides were identified
from BGH, and among which, RGL-(Hyp)-GL and RGM-(Hyp)-GF exhibited
high ACE inhibition with IC50 values of 1.44 and 10.23
μM. Molecular docking predicted that RGM-(Hyp)-GF and ACE residues
of Glu384, His513, and Lys511 formed hydrogen-bonding interactions
at distances of 2.57, 2.99, and 2.42 + 3.0 Å. RGL-(Hyp)-GL formed
hydrogen bonds with Lys511 and Tyr523 and generated hydrogen-bonding
interactions with His387 and Glu411 in the zinc(II) complexation motif
at distances of 2.74 and 3.03 + 1.93 Å. The maximal decrements
in systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats induced
by one-time gavage of RGL-(Hyp)-GL and RGM-(Hyp)-GF at 30 mg/kg were
31.3 and 38.6 mmHg. RGL-(Hyp)-GL had higher enzyme degradation resistance
than that of RGM-(Hyp)-GF in vitro incubation in
rat plasma, and they were sequentially degraded into pentapeptides
and tetrapeptides within 2 h. Our results indicate that BGH can serve
as a nutritional candidate to control blood pressure.
The bioactive peptides hydrolyzed from bone collagen have been found to possess health-promoting effects by regulating chronic diseases such as arthritis and hypertension. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effect of bovine bone gelatin peptides (GP) was evaluated in 264.7 macrophages cells and followed by animal trials to investigate their interference on inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota compositions in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced C57BL/6 mice. The GP was demonstrated to alleviate the extra secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. In DSS-induced colitis mice, the gavage of GP was demonstrated to ameliorate the IBD symptoms of weight loss, hematochezia and inflammatory infiltration in intestinal tissues. In serum, the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β) were suppressed along with the decreasing effect on toll-like receptor 4 and cyclooxygenase-2 by GP treatment. In the analysis of gut microbiota, the GP was checked to modulate the abundance of Akkermansia, Parasutterella, Peptococcus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharibacteria. The above results imply that GP could attenuate DSS-induced colitis by suppressing the inflammatory cytokines and regulating the gut microbiota.
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