No abstract
In order to reduce the conflict of yard, vehicles and quay crane in the process of loading container, and upgrade safety of the ship stowage and transport economics, this paper took minimizing reshuffle times in yard and ship, minimizing the ship center of gravity, getting appropriate trim and minimizing the total moving distance of quay crane as optimization objectives to guarantee the balance of the ship and liquidity of vehicles as basic condition. It built ship stowage and loading scheduling model. The model propounded a ship loading scheduling strategy with heuristic greedy algorithm. The heuristic information in the heuristic greedy algorithm was the number and losses of the stacked container, bonus and fitness of the target container. The whole ship loading plan of container terminal was worked out by choosing the container having the least cost from yard during every schedule. The classification strategy and stacking strategy in bay were proposed in the ship stowage model. Based on these strategies, a scheduling model of ship stowage was established. A genetic algorithm which bases on group coding method and the stacking strategy in bay which bases on the greedy algorithm were proposed as the resolution of the ship stowage model. It can be concluded that combinatorial optimization algorithm and strategies were efficient and effective as the approach to ship stowage scheduling of container terminal from the analysis of the experiment's results.
Background. During total knee arthroplasty (TKA), surgeons mobilize the patella to facilitate clear visualization of the articular surfaces and allow better prosthesis placement. According to the manipulation, this manipulation can be divided into patellar eversion and noneversion. However, the effect of patellar eversion in TKA is controversial, with substantial variability in clinical practice. This systematic review is aimed at assessing the adverse effects of patellar eversion and patellar noneversion duration in TKA. Methods. This updated systematic literature review identified randomized controlled trials comparing patellar eversion and noneversion durations in TKA. Two investigators independently extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.3. Results. Nine studies with a total of 608 patients (730 knees) were included. Of these, 374 knees were classified in the eversion group and 356 knees in the noneversion group. The quality of the studies was high. The results showed that patellar eversion could increase the postoperative complication rate ( relative risk RR = 1.67 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.54; P = 0.02 ) and postoperative pain before discharge ( mean deviation MD = 0.19 ; 95% CI, 0.04–0.34; P = 0.01 ), compared to noneversion. Additionally, patellar eversion could prolong the time until the patient is able to raise the leg while straightened ( MD = 0.42 ; 95% CI, 0.24–0.59; P < 0.00001 ) and increase the length of stay ( MD = 0.65 ; 95% CI, 0.05–1.25; P = 0.03 ). However, patellar eversion did not influence postoperative pain at 1 year ( MD = 0.02 ; 95% CI, -0.23–0.28; P = 0.85 ), operative time ( MD = − 2.66 ; 95% CI, -8.84–3.52; P = 0.40 ), recovery of quadriceps force throughout the follow-up period, and Insall–Salvati ratio ( MD = − 0.04 ; 95% CI, [-0.11–0.02]; P = 0.23 ). Conclusions. The patellar eversion could increase the postoperative complication rate and postoperative pain. Current evidence supports the avoidance of patellar eversion in TKA. Further large-sample and long-term trials are required to validate these results.
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