The dicentric chromosome assay is the “gold standard” in biodosimetry for estimating radiation exposure. However, its large-scale deployment is limited owing to its time-consuming nature and requirement for expert reviewers. Therefore, a recently developed automated system was evaluated for the dicentric chromosome assay. A previously constructed deep learning-based automatic dose-estimation system (DLADES) was used to construct dose curves and calculate estimated doses. Blood samples from two donors were exposed to cobalt-60 gamma rays (0–4 Gy, 0.8 Gy/min). The DLADES efficiently identified monocentric and dicentric chromosomes but showed impaired recognition of complete cells with 46 chromosomes. We estimated the chromosome number of each “Accepted” sample in the DLADES and sorted similar-quality images by removing outliers using the 1.5IQR method. Eleven of the 12 data points followed Poisson distribution. Blind samples were prepared for each dose to verify the accuracy of the estimated dose generated by the curve. The estimated dose was calculated using Merkle’s method. The actual dose for each sample was within the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose. Sorting similar-quality images using chromosome numbers is crucial for the automated dicentric chromosome assay. We successfully constructed a dose–response curve and determined the estimated dose using the DLADES.

The dicentric chromosome assay is the “gold standard” in biodosimetry for estimating radiation exposure. However, large-scale deployment is limited due to its time-consuming nature and requirement for expert reviewers. Therefore, a recently developed automated system was evaluated for dicentric chromosome assay. A previously constructed deep learning-based automatic dose-estimation system (DLADES) was used to construct dose curves and calculate estimated doses. Blood samples from two donors were exposed to cobalt-60 gamma rays (0–4 Gy, at 0.8 Gy/min). DLADES efficiently identified monocentric and dicentric chromosomes but showed impaired recognition of complete cells with 46 chromosomes. We estimated the chromosome number of each “Accepted” sample in DLADES and sorted similar-quality images by removing outliers using the 1.5IQR method. We confirmed that 11 of the 12 data points followed the Poisson distribution. Blind samples were prepared for each dose to verify the accuracy of the estimated dose generated by the curve. The estimated dose was calculated using Merkle’s method. The actual dose for each sample was within the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose. Sorting similar-quality images using chromosome numbers is crucial for automated dicentric chromosome assay. We successfully constructed a dose-response curve and determined the estimated dose using DLADES.