Scaling issue of artificial lift systems is the main bottleneck for ASP flooding, and has considerably negative influence in commercial stage. In the past decade, different anti-scaling technologies have been developed and applied in Daqing Oilfield. However, high pump failure still exists in severely scaling producers. This paper presents an innovative artificial lift method – a patented bailing pumping unit production system, which has been applied successfully in field test stage in Daqing Oilfield. The system consists of soft plunger, special designed wire line, winch system and surface control. Produced liquid mixed with large quantity of scale particles is lifted to surface by the soft plunger connected to wire line. The plunger is made of high molecular materials and steel skeleton support which ensures good flexibility and reliability after long term of operation in abrasive environment. The wire line is specified designed and processed to enhance operation life. It connects downhole gauge and surface control. Down hole pressure can be monitored in real time, which provides references for adjustment. This innovative bailing pumping unit production system has been applied in 80 wells in 3 ASP flooding blocks with severe scaling issue in Daqing Oilfield. The average running life was improved from several weeks to 710 days. Considerable benefits have been achieved by the 60% operation cost decline. It has been the premier artificial lift method for the severely scaling producers. Additionally, there is no need for flushing or acidizing treatment to deal with scale deposited in downhole pump, rod string, and tubing string compared with pumping unit production system in ASP flooding, which significantly reduces normal management intensity and cost. Field test showed that this innovative bailing pumping unit production system has outstanding scale resistance capability for severe scaling wells in ASP flooding. It also provides a great reference for other oilfields in worldwide with similar issues both in ASP flooding and high salinity conditions.
Burj Khalifa, a skyscraper in Dubai, UAE, is the tallest man-made structure in the world. Its height reaches 828m but the taller super skyscrapers over 1 km have already been proposed. Tower crane is the key member for building such skyscrapers, which hoists heavy materials from the ground to the top of the construction site. The higher the building rises up, the longer hoist rope is needed and the weight of the rope gives burdens to the tower crane. The steel hoist rope, which was used for Burj Khalifa, weighs 6.32 kg/m and the total weight exceeds 5 tons when the crane climbs up to 800m.The crane has to lift not only the construction materials but also the hanging heavy rope. Therefore, the lighter and stronger hoist rope could provide a breakthrough in hoisting operation in super skyscrapers. A research on a novel hoist rope is on the way utilizing Dyneema, one of the UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) fibers. They are the toughest fibers ever made and have usually been used in armor or mooring rope because of its lightweight, soft, and UV resistant property. Replacement of the steel rope with high strength fiber rope made of UHMWPE will reduce the weight of the hoist rope to about one-eighth, thus the load capacity of the tower crane could be drastically increased. This paper describes the design of the fiber hoist rope and the results of some performance tests.
In view of the specific environment of the reconnaissance UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), it is necessary to design a micro-inertial attitude measurement system. The ground-demo of the distributed micro-inertial attitude measurement system was set up. Then the attitude error measurement equation was deduced. Based on this, the Kalman filter using the “velocity and attitude” matching algorithm was designed. Through vehicle test, the experimental results show that the precisions of horizontal angle and azimuth angle are superior to 1.5′ and 2.3′ respectively by the proposed algorithm. All these characteristics show that the scheme is feasible and can provide reference for the engineering application of the distributed micro-inertial attitude measurement system.
Balance beam, a controller that is built adopting the gyro effect, can freely control the attitude of an unstructured object by means of the position controlling of an inner gimbal. However in the former research, the weight (inertia) of a load should be known to issue a proper command for the gimbal, which makes it hard to operate the balance beam in field applications because the load can be changed frequently and, moreover, the inertia of the same load could be different according to how the load is held. Therefore an accident could be caused by the operation with an improper gimbal command.One of the possible approaches to solve the problem is to give a balance beam controller an ability to detect the inertia of a load so that it can limit the velocity of the load ordered by a user. In this paper, we designed a controller that can estimate the inertia of the load based on the result we did before; the fact that when there is smaller inertia of load, the larger amount of the restoration displacement occurs. Thus, the load could be identified by issuing a predefined command to measure the amount of the restoration displacement, which makes us able to construct the controller that can limit the angular velocity of the load by planning the motion. Experimental results show the performance of the controller with some loads.
In the field of construction work, shackle is one of the most essential tools to build up a structure on the foundation. The process of setting up the beam to its upright position starts from linking the end of the beam and the shackle by a construction worker. Then the beam is carried to the proper place by a crane. After fixing up the beam, according to the old-style process, a construction crew climbs up the beam to release it from the shackle. This step is hazardous and very inefficient, which is needed to be automated. For this reason, the auto shackle controller with two shackles, which can release the beam through a wireless command, was developed. The auto-shackle controller makes the work safer and more efficient. However, the early auto-shackle controller itself was heavy and had some sorts of problems in safety and durability. In former research, the advanced auto shackle controllers solved the problem of the durability by reducing the height and the internal mechanical structure of the shackles; the control wires were damaged easily by steel chain hits when the shackles were released. However it is still heavy because the controller uses an automotive battery for a power source. Now, we present a super miniaturized high-performance auto-shackle controller which has no exterior controller using state-of-the-art technologies. Furthermore mechanical structures are changed to ensure the safety of the shackle.
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