Background During the COVID‐19 pandemic, intensive care nurses may experience ethical issues related to fear of transmission, limited resources, and increased workload. Nurses' moral sensitivity and courage may have a role in dealing with these problems. Aim and Objective The purpose of this study was to assess intensive care nurses' moral sensitivity and moral courage during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design Descriptive cross‐sectional survey. Methods A total of 362 nurses working in the intensive care units of pandemic hospitals in Turkey participated in the study between January and March 2021. Data were obtained using a personal information form, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and the Nurses' Moral Courage Scale. A link to the online data collection tools was sent to the management of participating institutions, who forwarded it to nurses. Reporting followed the CHERRIES guidelines. Results In this study, the response rate of nurses was 89%. The nurses' total mean moral sensitivity score was 90.70 ± 28.89 and their mean moral courage score was 82.08 ± 13.51. A weak inverse correlation was found between the nurses' moral sensitivity and moral courage scores (r = −.176, p = .001). Total moral sensitivity score differed significantly according to years of Intensive care unit (ICU) experience ( p = .007). Total moral courage scores increased significantly with education level ( p = .012), years of nursing experience ( p = .016), and willingness to work in the ICU ( p < .001). Conclusion The study suggests that nurses working in the intensive care unit during the pandemic had moderate moral sensitivity and high levels of moral courage. Nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and ICU work conditions may affect their moral sensitivity and moral courage. Relevance to Clinical Practice The results of this study can help guide efforts to improve moral courage and sensitivity and address ethical issues among ICU nurses.

We compared standard and patient-targeted in-patient education in terms of their effect on patients’ anxiety. One hundred and ninety-eight patients who were hospitalised for coronary artery bypass surgery were given standard education (group 1) or individualised education (group 2) on the management of their healthcare after discharge. Patients in group 2 were assessed on the patient learning needs scale and were given education according to their individual needs. The level of anxiety was measured by the state–trait anxiety inventory. Anxiety scores were significantly lower in group 2 than group 1 after education (p < 0.001). While state anxiety did not change after education in group 1 (p = 0272), it decreased significantly in group 2 (p < 0.001). For cardiovascular surgery patients, patient-targeted in-patient education was more effective than standard education in decreasing anxiety levels, therefore the content of the education should be individualised according to the patient’s particular needs.

Background & Objectives:To investigate whether the operations of Type 1 hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed for benign reasons have any effect on sexual life and levels of depression.Method:This is a multi-center, comparative, prospective study. Healthy, sexual active patients aged between 40 and 60 were included into the study. Data was collected with the technique of face-to-face meeting held three months before and after the operation by using the demographic data form developed by the researchers i.e. the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Beck Depression Scale (BDS).Results:In the post-operative third month, there was an improvement in dysuria in terms of symptomatology (34% and 17%, P<0.001), while in FSFI (41.47±25.46 to 34.20±26.67, P<0.001) and BDS (12.87±11.19 to 14.27±10.95, P=0.015) there was a deterioration. For FSFI, 50-60 age range, extended family structure; and for BDS, educational status, not working and extended family structure were statistically important confounding factors for increased risk in the post-operative period.Conclusion:While hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed for benign reasons brought about short-term improvement in urinary problems after the operation for sexually active and healthy women, they resulted in sexual dysfunction and increase in depression. The age, educational status, working condition and family structure is also important.

BackgroundProvision of up-to-date information and skills training related to basic life support practices is very important for nursing students' professional development and practitioner and education related roles.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of basic life support training on knowledge and practices among nursing students.MethodsA non-randomized quasi-experimental design (One group pre-test-post-test) was used in this study. The study was conducted in the laboratory of an undergraduate nursing school. The sample consisted of a convenience sample of 1st-year students enrolled in the undergraduate nursing class. The study sample consisted of 65 nursing students. Basic life support training included both theoretical and practical components. The students' knowledge and practices were assessed before basic life support training. Data were collected using the knowledge assessment questionnaire. The practical skills for basic life support were observed and assessed using a checklist. The pre- and post-assessment practice scores were compared.ResultsAfter basic life support training, level of knowledge and practical skill scores were higher compared to pre-training scores (t= -12.442, p=0.000; t= -22.899, p=0.000). There was a significant and moderate association between the adult basic life support Knowledge Form scores and the adult basic life support practice assessment form scores obtained after the training (r = 0.39, p<0.01).ConclusionThe study showed that basic life support training improved knowledge and skills related to basic life support practices in nursing students. Periodic basic life support training is very important for competency in this area among nursing students.

Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sınav kaygı düzeyleri ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişki K aygı, bireyin belirli dönemlerde yaşadığı evrensel bir duygu ve deneyimdir. Bireyi fazlasıyla etkileyen bu durum ergenlik döneminde de sıklıkla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ergenin normal yaşamını etkileyebilen ve çoğu kez tedirgin edebilen bir duygu olan kaygı, ergenin davranış ve hareketlerine yansıyarak, çoğunlukla uyumsuzluğa neden olur. [1] Baltaş (2002)'a [2] göre kaygı, eğitim alanında yapılan çalışmalarda sıklıkla yer alan değişkenlerden biridir. Ergenlerin en yoğun kaygı yaşan-dığı dönemler, sınav dönemleridir. Sınav kaygısı, sınavlarda, testlerde ya da diğer formal değerlendirme becerilerinde zayıf performansa yol açan korku olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu noktada sınav kaygısı, özel bir kaygı çeşidi olup bireyin değerlendirilmesi söz konusu olduğunda hissedilen korkuyla karışık bir tedirginlik duygusudur. [3,4] Öğrencilerde çok sık rastlanan sınav kaygısı, sınav öncesi başlayan fiziksel ve psikolojik değişimlerle devam eden, kişinin sınav esnasında performansını ve aka-Amaç: Bu araştırma, lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sınav kaygı düzeyleri ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı araştırma tipinde gerçekleştirildi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma verileri, İstanbul'da bir lise de 1-31 Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul il sınırları içerisinde bulunan bir lisenin son sınıfında öğrenim gören 120 öğrenci oluşturdu. Araştırmada örneklem hesabı yapılmamış, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden tüm öğrenciler örnekleme dahil edilmiştir (n=104). Geri dönüş oranı %86.6'dır. Veriler, Bilgi Formu, Sınav Kaygısı Envanteri ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi ile toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi SPSS paket programında yapıldı. Bulgular: Öğrencilerinin %55.8'i kız, yaş ortalaması 17.27 idi. Öğrencilerin %77.9'u üniversite sınavının çok önemli olduğunu, %74.8'inin üniversite sınavına hazırlanmaya başlamadan önce uyku problemi yaşamadıklarını ifade ettiler. Öğrencilerin öznel uyku kalitesi ile Sınav Kaygısı Envanterinin Kuruntu alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki (r=0.258; p<0.01); Duyuşsal alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki (r=0.259; p<0.01); Sınav kaygısı toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki (r=0.272; p<0.01) bulundu. Uyku bozukluğu ile kuruntu alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki (r=0.210; p<0.05); duyuşsal alt boyut arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki (r=0.291; p<0.01); sınav kaygısı toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki (r=0.273; p<0.01) bulundu. Öğrencilerin hem kuruntu boyutu (p>0.05) hem de duyuşsal boyutu (p>0.05) düzeyi öznel uyku kalitesini etkilememektedir. Öğrencilerin kuruntu düzeyi uyku bozukluğu düzeyini etkilemez iken (p=0.701 >0.05), duyuşsal düzeyi uyku bozukluğu düzeyini arttırmaktadır (ß=0.028). Sonuç: Araştırma verileri, lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin sınav kaygılarının olduğunu ve bu durumun da uyku kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, öğrencilerin sı...

The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the formation of the gallstone types of cholesterol and pigment stones. This descriptive and retrospective study comprised 164 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Research data were obtained using a data collection form with 34 questions developed by the researchers based on the relevant literature. Statistical analysis of the data was made on SPSS 15.0 software using the percentage assessment method and chi-square test. Advanced statistical analysis of the data was performed using multivariate logistic regression. Cholesterol stone was found to form in individuals with anemia, those going through the menopause, and those consuming liquid oil and not undertaking exercise. The risk of pigment stone formation was found to be higher in the obese and those with liver disease and who do not consume milk. From the results of the study, it was determined that the dietary habits, chronic diseases, and lifestyle behaviors of individuals could be effective factors in the formation of cholesterol and/or pigment stone.

Background: Physical and emotional conditions of patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU) may be adversely affected by environmental stressors. Aims and objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patients' anxiety and depression levels and environmental stressors in the ICU.Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted between June 2018 and April 2019 with 150 patients treated in the ICUs of a training and research hospital. Patient information form and ICU environmental stressors and hospital anxiety and depression scales were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the data. Results:The mean hospital anxiety score of the patients in ICUs was 11.1 ± 2.7, and 77.3% of patients were at risk for anxiety (10-point cut-off). The mean hospital depression score was 10.6 ± 3.3, and 94% of patients were at risk for depression (7-point cut-off). The mean score of environmental stressors was 123.9 ± 13.1.A moderate positive correlation between hospital anxiety and hospital depression (r = .63, P < .001) and a weak negative correlation between environmental stressors and hospital anxiety (r = −.24, P = .003) were found. However, no significant correlation between environmental stressors and hospital depression was found (r = −.13, P = .12). Conclusion:According to this study, the environmental stressors in the ICU were high, and the patients were at risk of anxiety and depression. The depression levels of the patients increased along with their anxiety levels. As environmental stressors increased, hospital anxiety levels of the patients decreased. However, there was no significant relationship between environmental stressors and patients' hospital depression levels.

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