The survey was conducted in 2019 to generate baseline information for rice yield and varietal diversity, involving 54 experienced rice farmers of Singye Gewog (block) under Sarpang Dzongkhag (district) in Southern Bhutan. A total of 9 varieties were found under cultivation, of which 2 and 7 were assessed to be improved varieties and landraces respectively. The mean yield of improved varieties was 1253.2 kg acre-1, whereas landraces yielded 777.1 kg acre-1 (P=.006). The chronological varietal diversity revealed that 47.05% of farmer-named varieties were either lost or replaced over 20 years. However, landrace such as Choti Mahsino was popular, covering 24.6% of the rice cultivated area. Further, taste, yield stability, and utility for festivals were the main reasons for perpetuating landraces’ cultivation. The study showed the positive impact of improved varieties on productivity while it has narrowed varietal diversity. On the flip side, the current research found that only one improved variety was adopted which shows a need to promote improved varieties, while the improvement of landraces should also be given priority.
A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Agriculture Research and Development Centre (ARDC) Samtenling in Sarpang district of Bhutan in 2020 to assess the effects of transplanting different numbers of seedlings per hill on grain yield and yield components of rice under irrigated conditions. A widely adopted rice variety, Bhur Kambja-1, was used for the study with one to seven seedlings per hill transplanted at 20×20 cm spacing. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment revealed that the number of seedlings per hill had a significant effect on number of tillers per hill and grain yield. In terms of rice grain yield, a significant difference was observed only between three and seven seedlings per hill with a recorded yield of 3.9 and 2.7 t ha-1, respectively. However, no significant effect was established on other yield components, such as the plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, and unfilled grains per panicle. Therefore, this study recommends transplanting three seedlings hill-1 for cultivation of Bhur Kambja-1 rice variety in the wet-subtropical condition of Bhutan as three seedlings per hill yielded significantly higher productivity and could potentially reduce the seed rate.
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