IMPORTANCE Outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) remain poor. Outcomes associated with community interventions that address bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remain unclear and need further study. OBJECTIVE To examine community interventions and their association with bystander CPR and survival after OHCA.

Smoking cessation programs should prioritise communities with higher or equal rates of daily smokers compared with the wider New South Wales population. Focus areas vary between the communities, and include increasing help seeking and improving quitting success rates. Short-term risky drinking was not as prevalent among the surveyed communities; however, results suggest a need for prevention targeting Pasifika communities. Understanding the prevalence of substance use among culturally and linguistically diverse communities provides a crucial foundational component in developing culturally sensitive prevention and treatment programs. These results demonstrate the need for programs to be tailored to the needs and contexts of particular communities, rather than treating those from diverse backgrounds as one homogenous group.

No abstract

Background This study documents the development and evaluation of a comprehensive multidisciplinary model for the assessment and personalized care of patients with lymphoedema. Methods The Australian Lymphoedema Education Research and Treatment (ALERT) programme originated as an advanced clinic for patients considering surgery for lymphoedema. The programme commenced liposuction surgery in May 2012 and then introduced lymph node transfer in 2013 and lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) in 2016. An outpatient conservative treatment clinic was established in 2016. ALERT commenced investigations with indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in late 2015, leading to the creation of a diagnostic assessment clinic offering ICG in 2017. Results Since 2012, 1200 new patients have been referred to ALERT for assessment of lymphoedema for a total of 5043 episodes of care. The introduction of ICG lymphography in 2015 initially allowed better screening for LVA, but is now used not only to guide surgical options, but also as a diagnostic tool and to guide manual lymphatic drainage massage. The total number of new patients who attended the surgical assessment clinic to December 2018 was 477, with 162 patients (34·0 per cent) undergoing surgery. Conclusion The ALERT programme has developed a multidisciplinary model of care for personalized lymphoedema treatment options based on clinical, imaging and ICG lymphography. Patients are selected for surgery based on several individual factors.

IntroductionOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with poor survival outcomes, but prompt bystander action can more than double survival rates. Being trained, confident and willing-to-perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are known predictors of bystander action. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a community organisation targeted multicomponent education and training initiative on being willing to respond to OHCAs. The study employs a novel approach to reaching community members via social and cultural groups, and the intervention aims to address commonly cited barriers to training including lack of availability, time and costs.Methods and analysisFirstCPR is a cluster randomised trial that will be conducted across 200 community groups in urban and regional Australia. It will target community groups where CPR training is not usual. Community groups (clusters) will be stratified by region, size and organisation type, and then randomly assigned to either immediately receive the intervention programme, comprising digital and in-person education and training opportunities about CPR and OHCA over 12 months, or a delayed programme implementation. The primary outcome is self-reported ‘training and willingness-to-perform CPR’ at 12 months. It will be assessed through surveys of group members that consent in intervention versus control groups and administered prior to control groups receiving the intervention. The primary analysis will follow intention-to-treat principles, use log binomial regression accounting for baseline covariates and be conducted at the individual level, while accounting for clustering within communities. Focus groups and interviews will be conducted to examine barriers and enablers to implementation and costs will also be examined.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from The University of Sydney. Findings from this study will be disseminated via presentations at scientific conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals, scientific and lay reports.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000367842.